1. JULES on Eddie Richard Essery (with thanks to Mike Mineter and Magnus Hagdorn Contemporary Climate, 8 October 2009

2. Fluxes: Evaporation Sensible heat Reflected solar radiation Emitted thermal radiation Momentum Runoff … --------------- CO 2, CH 4 … State variables: Soil temperature Soil moisture Snow mass … --------------- Soil carbon Biomass … Atmosphere Surface Parameters: Albedo Vegetation height Leaf area Thermal conductivity Root depth … Driving data: meteorology

3. The Descent of JULES ~1990Land surface subroutines in Met Office Unified Model 1997Named MOSES (Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme) HadCM3 photosynthesis model multi-layer soil hydrology freezing of soil moisture “Stand-alone” MOSES used in PILPS, SnowMIP, Rhone-Agg 1999MOSES 2HadGEM subgrid surface types dynamic vegetation model 2005JULES 1 MOSES science subroutines ASCII I/O, single point accessible parameters in control file 2007JULES 2.0 flexible grid; ASCII, binary or NetCDF input ASCII or binary output (not NetCDF) automatic spin up 2009JULES 2.1HadGEM, QESM new snow module, NetCDF output

4. JULES Themes

5. ## Model options. >INIT_OPTS 5,4 ! npft,nnvg F ! l_aggregate 'BT', 'NT', 'C3G', 'C4G','shrub' ! pftName 'urban', 'lake', 'soil', 'ice' ! nvgName 1,1 ! nxIn,nyIn 4 ! sm_levels 0 ! nsmax 3 ! can_model 3,10 ! can_rad_mod,ilayers T,T ! l_cosz,l_spec_albedo F,F,F ! l_phenol,l_triffid,l_trif_eq F,F ! l_top,l_pdm F ! l_anthrop_heat_src 0 ! i_scrn_t_diag F ! yrevIn 'gswp2' ! ncType T ! echo 48 ! print_step … followed by another ~ 600 lines of obscure gibberish described in 119 pages of documentation JULES Control File

6. Broadleaf forest Coniferous forest Grass Shrubs Bare soil Inland water Surface Fractions

7. JULES Driving Data Incoming shortwave radiation Incoming longwave radiation Rainfall Snowfall Air temperature Specific humidity Wind speed Surface air pressure … on sub-diurnal timesteps GSWP2: Surface radiation budget from ISLSCP-II Missing data filled with NECP reanalyses NCEP reanalyses scaled by GPCC gauge data NCEP scaled by monthly CRU data NCEP NCEP, adjusted for grid elevation … 1º, 3-hourly, July 1982 – December 1995