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Published byGilbert Jennings Modified over 9 years ago
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Types of Knowledge Mrs. Kay
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EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE Knowledge gained using the primary senses – seeing, tasting, feeling, hearing or smelling. Sometimes instruments are used as aids to our senses. ex: the computer is black.
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Revealed knowledge knowledge we accept on faith Ex: All living animals today are descended from those on board Noah’s Ark.
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Authoritative Knowledge knowledge we gain from experts Ex: lawyers, doctors, people with credentials.
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Rational Knowledge based on what are considered to be rational/ logical truths Ex: If x=y and y=z then x must equal z
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Intuitive Knowledge knowledge possessed without knowing where it comes from. Ex: a mother instinctively knows when her baby is in need.
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OBSERVATION Observations are always empirical. Qualitative observations involve simple descriptions. Ex: color Quantitative observations involve amounts/numbers. Ex: recording the temperature.
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INTERPRETATION involve reasoning based on observations Included in the analysis section of a lab report Indirect form of knowledge that builds on a concept or an experience to further describe or explain an observation.
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Observation or interpretation? Noticing light and heat from burning magnesium Observation The O 2 (g) molecules collide with magnesium atoms and electron removal causes the ions of magnesium and oxygen to form. Interpretation
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Variables Scientists use an experiment to search for cause and effect relationships in nature Independent (x-axis): is a factor that is manipulated in an experiment. The experimenter controls whether or not subjects are exposed to the independent variable Dependent (y-axis): is measured to determine if the manipulation of the independent variable had any effect. Controlled: Property that is kept constant throughout an experiment.
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Experiment: A certain mass of magnesium is burned and is compared to the mass of product formed. What is the… Responding: mass of product (we measure how much is left) Controlled: composition of air, initial temp., amount of air available… Manipulated: mass of magnesium (we decide how much is burned)
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Scientific Law Statements of major concepts based on empirical knowledge Ex: the law of conservation of mass. In a phys. or chem. Change the initial mass = the final mass Generalization: statements that summarize a limited number of empirical results. More broad.
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Questions Pg. 29 #1-3 (Nelson) Pg. 32 #7-8 Read pg. 43-45
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