1. The Arab Spring  1- Which country took the lead of the Arab Spring revolutions?  Tunisia sparked it.

2. TUNISIA

3.  What does the flag represent? 1- Red: The blood of Tunisian martyrs. 2- White : Peace and safety. 3- Crescent: Being part of the Arab World. 4- Star: The five pillars of Islam.

4. Why do people usually revolt?  Bread ( satisfactory standard of living).  Freedom.  Social justice.  Human dignity.

5. What sparked the Tunisian revolution?  Poor living conditions  Unemployment  Food inflation  Corruption  Lack of freedom  Mohammed Bouazizi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lh3TqJ7ILIQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jY8jeGtBkDo

6. The ex-Tunisian president, Ben Ali 7 th Nov 1987 – 14 th Jan 2011

7. Egypt

8. What does the Egyptian flag represent? It dates back to the 1952 Revolution. Red: struggle against monarchy. White: Bloodless nature of the revolution. Black: The end of oppression.

9. What sparked the Egyptian Revolution  The success of the Tunisian Revolution.  Planning to pass the power down to the president’s son.  Corruption.  Bad living conditions.  State of emergency laws.  Lack of free elections and political freedom.  Police brutality. ( Khaled Said) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vwdIsXc4I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XA92XQ8NBJw

13. The ex-Egyptian president, Hossni Mubarak  Appointed vice president to Sadat in 1975.  President 14 th Oct 1981 – 11 th Feb 2011.  The revolution began 25 th Jan 2011  The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces took over a transitional period 11 th Feb 2011 – 29 th June 20012

14. The ex-Egyptian and first elected president, Mohammed Morsi A member of the Muslim Brotherhood and the head of the right political party Freedom and Justice. The first fairly and honestly elected Egyptian president ever. 30 th June 2012 - 3 rd July 2013 Became president with a 51% of the total voting participating people.

15. The Challenges he faced 1) The of Mubarak’s 30-year-old regime. 2) The SCAF. !!! How?! 3) Judiciary system 4) The dissolution of the fairly elected parliament. 5) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindi anocean/egypt/9332783/Egypts-military-accused-of- complete-coup-after-supreme-court-ruling.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindi anocean/egypt/9332783/Egypts-military-accused-of- complete-coup-after-supreme-court-ruling.html 6) Mass media. 7) The pressing needs of the people. 8) The inherited economic problems.

16. As a result …… 1. He failed / made to fail ( you can decide later) 2. Millions of people signed a paper asking him to give up power. Who were those people?! 3. The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces El Sisi sided with people and ousted the president. 4. He appointed the head of the Supreme Constitutional Court as a transitional president. Do you know his name?! 5. He confirmed that the Armed Forces had no greed in power. 6. He asked the people to give him accreditation to fight the likely to happen terrorism by Morsi supporters.

17. 25 th Jan V 30 th June  25 th Jan 2011:  All the people were against the regime of Hosni Mubarak.  30 th June the people were divided into two peoples:  Supporters to Morsi.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3hXK4ETrow http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3hXK4ETrow  Opposers to Morsi  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Vm8UEph-cQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Vm8UEph-cQ

18. Comparison Tahrir Square ( opposers)Rabia Square ( supporters)

19. Rabia Square  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2013_Rabaa_ Massacre http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2013_Rabaa_ Massacre

20. Punishing whoever raises RABIA Symbol http://amanpour.blogs.cnn.com/2013/12/05/egyptian-father-says-his-jailed- daughter-was-raised-to-speak-her-mind-freely/ http://www.rferl.org/content/egypt-four-finger-salute/25085068.html http://amanpour.blogs.cnn.com/2013/12/05/egyptian-father-says-his-jailed- daughter-was-raised-to-speak-her-mind-freely/ http://www.rferl.org/content/egypt-four-finger-salute/25085068.html

21. What’s next ?! -The new constitution was made by an appointed committee after the suspension of the constitution which was written by an elected committee in Morsi’s age. - The new constitution passed by 92% of the participating voters. - Even secular activists are arrested http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25484064 h ttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/10569 259/Arrest-of-No-campaign-activists-on-eve-of-referendum-in-Egypt.html -The transitional president promotes Sisi to Field Marshal !!! http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/01/27/from-field- marshals-montgomery-to-el-sissi-a-history-of-the-militarys-most-misleading-rank/

22. Sending people even children to jail  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egyp t/10640565/Egypt-has-detained-thousands-on-dubious-charges-since- Mohammed-Morsi-overthrown.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egyp t/10640565/Egypt-has-detained-thousands-on-dubious-charges-since- Mohammed-Morsi-overthrown.html  A documentary movie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPo7XsMjLHc

23. The Egyptian revolutionary graffiti

27. Best of luck to Egypt and its people !!!!! By Rezk Amer Columbus International High School TCLP 2013/2014 EGYPT