1. Friendly Alert: Test # 2, this Friday (11 April 14) covers Indonesia and Japan (Review sheets & PowerPoint Slides posted on web)

2. The World

3. Africa (physical features)

4. Africa (population density)

5. Africa (climate)

6. Languages of the World

7. Language Groups of Africa

8. Bantu languages – Southern Africa (400 languages, 100 million speakers) LanguageApprox. # of speakersMain geographic area Fang560 000Cameroon, Gabon BoulouCameroon EwondoCameroon Douala400 000Cameroon Bamileke2 millionCameroon Luva6.3 millionCongo-Kinshasa Tshiluba6 millionCongo-Kinshasa Lingala8 millionCentral African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa Kikongo6 millionAngola, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa Kituba5 millionCongo (South) Luganda4 millionUganda MakouaUganda Kinyarwanda-Kirundi15 millionRwanda, Burundi

9. Bantu languages – Southern Africa (cont’d) LanguageApprox. # of speakersMain geographic area Swahili30 millionTanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Congo DR, Rwanda, Burundi Kikouyou4.6 millionKenya SukumaTanzania BembaZambia Nyanja (chewa, chinyanja) 3.2 millionMalawi, Zambia Kimbundu3 millionAngola Umbundu4 millionAngola Shona10 millionMozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe Sotho3.5 millionSouth Africa Tswana3 millionSouth Africa, Botswana Zulu5 millionSouth Africa Ndebele1 millionZimbabwe, South Africa Xhosa4 millionSouth Africa Comorian languages900 000Comoros

10. MAJOR TRIBES OF AFRICA (1) AfarEthiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia AmharaCentral highland plateau of Ethiopia Anlo-EweSE corner of Ghana AshantiCentral Ghana BakongoAtlantic coast of Africa from Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo to Luanda, Angola BambaraMali BembaNE Zambia BerberMorocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt BoboW Burkina Faso, Mali ChewaZambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi DogonSE Mali, Burkina Faso FonBenin FulaniWest Africa

11. MAJOR TRIBES OF AFRICA (2) IboNigeria KikuyuKenya MandinkaSenegal, The Gambia, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire MasaiEast Africa PygmyDemocratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Republic of Congo SamburuKenya SanKalahari Desert in southern Africa SenufoN Cote d’Ivoire, Mali TuaregN Mali WolofSenegal YorubaSW Nigeria, Benin ZuluSouth Africa

12. African Tribal Groups (1929)

13. West African Tribes

14. More African Tribal Groups East Africa (Tanzania)West Central Africa (Congo River Basin)

15. Benin (West Africa) Political Tribal groups

16. Africa (Colonial)

17. Africa (political)

18. General African Music Traits Emphasis on Rhythm Use of Percussion Density of Timbre (“buzzy sound”) Use of Ostinato Use of interlocking parts Call and Response Controlled Improvisation

19. Mbira Plucked Idiophone Lamellaphone (Lamella = “Tongue”) Mbira – common name in Zimbabwe and most of Sub-Saharan Africa Called Kalimba in Kenya, Ikembe in Rwanda, Likembe in Congo Called “thumb piano,” “gourd piano,” “finger harp,” etc. in West

20. Mbira

22. Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia)

23. Mineral Reserves (South Africa)

24. A Shona Village

25. Shona Farmlands

26. Bira

27. Ceremony for spirit of a dead ancestor Burial of the body (flesh = black shadow) Worm (gonye) emerges from grave and the spirit (white shadow) wanders about 1 year Bira (ceremony) – welcomes spirit home - food (ground corn & meat, beer, etc.) - music (played by Mbira and Hosho) Spirit admitted back into family circle

28. Mbira on YouTube Mbira - Spirit of the People (Thomas Mapfumo, Oliver Mtukudzi)Mbira - Spirit of the People (Thomas Mapfumo, Oliver Mtukudzi) YouTube - Lessons from the Mbira at Duke UniversityYouTube - Lessons from the Mbira at Duke University