1. West & Central Africa Chapter #22

2. I. Natural Environments A) Landforms: A) Landforms: El Djouf? El Djouf? Major Rivers? (2) Major Rivers? (2) Coastline? Coastline?

3. B. Climates Climates? Climates? Zonal? Zonal? Northern climates? Northern climates? Sahel? Sahel?

4. C. The Sahel Occupation of residents? Occupation of residents? Human-environment interaction? Human-environment interaction? Desertification? Desertification?

7. D. Tropical Environments Climates south of Sahel? Climates south of Sahel? Climate around Equator? Climate around Equator? Vegetation? Vegetation? Canopy? Canopy? dfdf dfdf

8. E. Natural Resources Resources? Resources? Most valuable? Where? Most valuable? Where? Cacao? Cacao? Where is it native to? Where is it native to? World’s leading producer? World’s leading producer?

10. Locals do NOT Locals do NOT benefit from oil Oil $ = corrupt Oil $ = corruptpoliticians Akaralu is 10 to 15 degrees hotter than neighboring villages. (Nigeria) The village is crushed by complete poverty, despite the millions of dollars of oil that gushes out of their lands every year.

13. Video on Niger Delta oil Video on Niger Delta oil Video on Niger Delta oil Video on Niger Delta oil Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND)

14. II. History & Culture Early civilizations of West Africa Early civilizations of West Africa Ghana (300 – 1200) Ghana (300 – 1200) Mali (1200 – 1500) Mali (1200 – 1500) Songhai (1350 – 1600) Songhai (1350 – 1600) Ashanti (1650 – 1900) Ashanti (1650 – 1900) Fulani (1000 – 1800) Fulani (1000 – 1800) Controlled trade across Sahara betw. Tropical Af. & Med. Coast

17. A. Contact with Europe Euro. explorers (1400s) (Portuguese) Euro. explorers (1400s) (Portuguese) Water route to Asia? Water route to Asia? Gold? Gold? Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Euros. bought slaves from coastal Af. leaders in exchange for guns Euros. bought slaves from coastal Af. leaders in exchange for guns # of slaves to Amer? # of slaves to Amer?

19. B. Scramble for Africa 1884-1885: Berlin Conference: 1884-1885: Berlin Conference: Euro. leaders “cut up” Africa w/no regard for its landforms, climate regions, or cultures Euro. leaders “cut up” Africa w/no regard for its landforms, climate regions, or cultures Ethnic groups were divided Ethnic groups were divided 1900: All of Africa under Euro. rule 1900: All of Africa under Euro. rule Exploited Africa’s resources: Exploited Africa’s resources: Agricultural products (cash crops) Agricultural products (cash crops) Minerals (gold, copper, iron ore) Minerals (gold, copper, iron ore)

20. C. The Postcolonial Era Length of colonial era? Length of colonial era?

21. D. Culture Africa’s triple heritage? Africa’s triple heritage? Niger-Congo language family Niger-Congo language family Religion(s)? Religion(s)? Education? Education?

22. Staple crops vs. Cash crops? Staple crops vs. Cash crops? Millet & Sorghum? Millet & Sorghum?

23. III. The Region Today Dual economy? Dual economy? Primary vs. Secondary Products? Primary vs. Secondary Products? Largest cities? Largest cities?

24. A. Issues & Challenges Economic development? Economic development? What is hindering it? What is hindering it? Population growth? Population growth? Destruction of Destruction of environment? environment? Disease? Disease?

25. …that’s all folks!!