1. Governments & The Rise of Democracy Vocabulary List

2. 1.) Aristocracy: A hereditary and landholding ruling class/elite; nobility.

3. 2.)Democracy: A Government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives. Demo = people cracy =government

4. 3.)Oligarchy a government where political power effectively rests with a small, elite segment of society

5. 4.)Theocracy A government in which a God or a deity is recognized as the supreme ruler; a religious government. Theo =God

6. 5.)Monarchy A government in which a king or queen exercises central power

7. 6.)Monotheism Belief in one God Mono =onetheism =God

8. 7.) Morality The quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct.

9. 8.)Polytheism: Belief in many gods Poly =many ABOVE: The gods of Olympus include (back row, l. to r.): Poseidon, Zeus, Hades; (middle row, l. to r.): Demeter, Hera, Apollo, Dionysus; (front row, l. to r.): Hermes, Aphrodite, Artemis, Athena, and Hestia; bottom left corner: Heracles, Zeus's son by a mortal woman, Alcmene

10. 9.) City-State: A political unit made up of a city and the surrounding lands.

11. 10.)bureaucracy System of managing government through departments run by appointed officials

12. 11.)philosopher A person in pursuit of wisdom by investigating nature, causes or principles of reality, knowledge, and values.

13. 12.)Socrates 469 BC–399 BC A Greek Athenian philosopher that created the Socratic method (a series of questions to help students to examine the implications of their own answers) and a supported the democratic system.

14. 13.) Plato (427-347 B.C.) A student of Socrates and Greek philosopher that wrote the Republic - describes his vision of the ideal state

15. 14.) Aristotle Plato’s student and Greek philosopher that wrote Politics : his view on the “rule of law” and why it is important.

16. 15.) Legislature An elected lawmaking body of people

17. 16.) tyranny a cruel, unjust, or oppressive government

18. 17.) jury A panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial.

19. 18.) Republic A government in which officials are chosen by the people.

20. 19.) Roman Senate: Most powerful governing body made up of Senators that made the laws. All members were patricians (aristocrats)

21. Hierarchy Categorization of a group of people according to ability or status.

22. 20.) veto To block or prevent from becoming law

23. 21.) The Twelve Tables Early Roman written code of laws

24. 22.) Cultural Diffusion: The process of new ideas, customs, and technologies spreading from one people to another.

25. 23.) Feudalism: Powerful lords (nobles) who divided land among lesser lords (knights) who owed military service to powerful lords. Peasants worked on the land

26. 24. Clergy People authorized to perform religious ceremonies