1. End of World War I Treaty of Versailles

2. 2 War’s End: The Armistice November 11, 1918 Temporary agreement to stop fighting Peace negotiations and treaty followed Crowds of people celebrating the armistice

3. 3 Paris Peace Conference “Big Three” 27 countries participated Defeated powers were not invited Six months to reach treaty agreement on Germany Other treaties The “Big Four” at the Paris Peace Conference Paris Peace Conference, 1919

4. 4 Versailles Treaty June 28, 1919: Weimar Republic signed treaty in utter defeat Treaty’s conditions – Germany had to give up land; demilitarization of Rhineland, Germany’s coal region placed under international control, Germany had to pay $5 billion immediately (more later - $33 billion) Yugoslav delegates at Paris Peace Conference Hall of Mirrors during the peace signing

5. 5 Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” Wilson’s plan for a “peace without victory” European leaders only implement some of the Fourteen Points in the Versailles Treaty A sign in Paris reading “Long Live Wilson” Wilson and French President Raymond Poincare in Paris

6. 6 League of Nations Part of the Versailles Treaty U.S. Senate rejects the treaty U.S. never joins the League League turns out to be ineffective, inconsistent, easily manipulated World Disarmament Conference at the League of Nations American anti-League cartoon

7. 7 Number of Wounded Central Powers Allied Powers A British first aid station near Cambrae, 1918

8. 8 Number of Deaths Central PowersAllied Powers German soldier lies dead next to his machine gun

9. 9 Physical and Financial Costs of the War Food shortages Economic depression Starving children in the Ukraine

10. 10 Social/Political Costs of the War Refugees Ethnic minorities French refugees from the spring 1918 German offensive

11. 11 Arts and the Great War Poets Visual imagery Novels Isaac Rosenberg Wilfred Owen Erich Maria Remarque POETS All Quiet on the Western Front

12. 12 New Nations: Europe Ireland – Michael Collins – Northern Ireland Division of Austria-Hungary 1. Austria 2. Hungary 3. Czechoslovakia 4. Yugoslavia 5.Other portions went to Romania, Poland, and Italy Sinn Fein members in British Parliament, 1918

13. 13 New Nations: The Middle East Britain/France divide up Arab lands Mandates Balfour Declaration – supported idea of Jewish homeland in Palestine. Anti-western views Arab leaders at the Paris Peace Conference (Captain T.E. Lawrence, third from right)

14. 14 Rise of Extremism: The United States Return to isolationism Anti-socialist, anti- communist The Palmer raids Great Depression U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer

15. 15 Post-War Europe Instability Spread of fascism Map of Europe after World War I, 1919–1926