1. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill of 1989
By: Ramsey Diven

2. Introduction -Occurred in March of 1989
-Exxon Valdez Supertanker ran aground on Bligh Reef
-11 million gallons of oil spilled into Prince William Sound, Alaska

3. Intro Continued
-The Ship’s Captain, Joseph J. Hazelwood impaired by alcohol
-He gave Gregory Cousins (third mate) instruction to leave shipping lanes to avoid icebergs.
-Robert Kagan replaced Cousins, failed to make the turn back into shipping lanes.
-Ran aground Bligh Reef around midnight March 24, 1989

4. Effects of The Spill -1,300 miles of shoreline impacted
- Oil can still be found in virtually every cove or beach, just under the surface (Rj Kopchak)
-Many people lost source of income due to decrease in fish population
-A countless number of animals died; estimates are: 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles, up to 22 killer whales, and billions of salmon and herring eggs.

5. Human Aspect -Captain impaired by alcohol
-Crew member’s suffered from fatigue
-Exxon had not properly prepared the ship
-Exxon was not prepared for an accident of such extremes

6. Animals Affected - Seabirds -Sea otters -Harbor seals -Bald eagles
-Killer Whales
-Salmon & Herring eggs

7. Clean Up
- 3 methods: burning, mechanical cleanup, chemical dispersants

8. New Rules and Regulations
- US Coast guard now closely monitors tankers via satellite
-Two escort vessels accompany tanker through the sound
-Congress established legislation requiring tankers to be double-hulled by 2015
-Contingency planning for oil spills up to 12.6 million gallons
- skimming systems now recover over 300,000 barrels in 72 hours

9. New Rules and Regulations Continued
- seven barges available to put oil/water mix into, can hold over 800,000 barrels
- 40 miles of containment boom in PW Sound
-Dispersants are plenty, systems in place to apply from helicopters, airplanes, and boats

10. Works Cited
jects/e/exxon_valdez_oil_spill_1989/
resources/lingering-oil-the-lasting-effects-of-exxon- valdez
entified_causes