1. C. Ecology I. Ecosystems and Communities

2. Biodiversity

3. Zebra Mussels

4. Predator Removal

5. ClimographClimograph

6. Community Ecology Interspecific Interactions and Community Structure Disturbance and Community Structure Biogeographic Factors

7. Competitive Exclusion Hypothesis

8. Microhabitats of Lizard Species

9. Anolis distichus – sunny leaf surface Anolis insolitus – shady branch

10. Deceptive coloration

11. Camouflage – chick (poorwill); lizard

12. Aposematic (warning) coloration

13. Batesian mimicry – the hawkmoth larva (left) resembles a snake when disturbed {harmless resembles harmful}

14. Mullerian mimicry – the cuckoo bee (left) and the yellow jacket both have stingers that release toxins {both harmful but more exposure to potential predators of linking markings with harm}

15. Mutualism – between acacia trees and ants

16. Parasitic Nasonia (wasps)

17. Commensalism – one species benefits, the other is neither harmed nor helped (usually)

19. Trophic levels – terrestrial and marine food chains {make sure your assignment doesn’t resemble this one! ; ) }

20. Antarctic marine food web

21. Partial food web

22. Without Pisaster ochraceous (sea stars) as keystone predators…, …the Mytilus californianus monopolized the space

23. Sea Otters are keystone predators in the North Pacific

24. A fire on a grassland burns the detritus and rejuvenates the prairie so that virtually all the biomass is living a month after a burn (right)

25. Large disturbances occur more often when small disturbances are prevented. Lodgepole pine cones require intense heat to open and germinate.

26. Soil nitrogen concentration during succession after a glacial retreat

27. Forest community 1 is more diverse b/c it has greater heterogeneity – both in species richness (number) and relative abundance

28. Species richness generally decreases towards the poles

29. Energy and Species Richness - annual available energy is measured by evapotranspiration (combining solar radiation and temperature) and expressed as rainfall equivalents in mm/yr.

30. The number of plant species on the Galapagos Islands in relation to the area of the island.

31. Ecosystems Primary Production Secondary Production Cycling of Chemical Elements Human Impact

32. Energy flow = broken red lines; Material cycling = solid blue lines Energy = solar radiation  chemical transfers in food web  heat radiated to space Materials = pass through trophic levels  detritus  back to primary producers

33. Fungi decomposing a log

34. Primary Production

35. Net Primary Production

38. II. Biomes

39. Lake Zonation

40. Oligotrophic Lake

41. Eutrophic Lake

42. Wetlands Estuaries

43. Marine: 1. Tide Zone 2. Coral Reef 3. Benthos

44. Terrestrial Biomes

45. Tropical Forests: 1. Highland 2. Lowland 3. Seasonal

46. Deserts

47. Tundra

48. the Biosphere

49. Behavioral Ecology Learning Animal Cognition Sociobiology

50. Behavior Components

51. Digger Wasp Behavior

52. Female Songbird Preferences

53. Geese Imprinting

54. Two types of bird-song development

55. Electronic Surveillance of honeybees

56. Cooperative Prey Capture

57. Territories (small!)

58. Staking Territories with Chemical Markers

59. Three-spined stickleback courtship behavior

60. Bee Communication

61. Colonial Mammals Naked Mole Ratsthe Common Mole Rat

62. Kin Selection and Altruism in the Belding Ground Squirrel

63. Ecology the biosphere behavioral biology population biology community ecology ecosystems

64. Population Ecology Populations Life Histories Population Growth Population Limiting Factors Human Population /Growth

65. Conservation Ecology Biodiversity Crisis Conservation at the Population and Species Level Conservation at the Community, Ecosystem, and Landscape Levels