1. PERSIANS WARS
490BC-481BC

2. Greek Colonization of Lydia
800BC Greeks begin to leave Greece for new places to set up city-states
Greeks go across the Aegean Sea to the west coast of Lydia/ Anatolia

3. GREECE

4. Persian Rule
The new colonies are set up in territory ruled by the Persians
Persian leader Darius I wants colonists to pay taxes
The colonists rebel in 499BC against the Persians with the aide of Greek city-states like Athens

5. Persians Conquer
The Persian military begins to conquer surrounding territory and sends advisers to Greece for their surrender
Sparta and Athens refuse
The Persians in 490BC head for Marathon

7. Greeks Defeat Persians
Outnumbered nearly 5 to 1 at Marathon, the Greeks defeat the Persians
The Persians set out to sea
Pheidippides runs 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to tell of the great victory and to warn of a possible attack

8. The Marathon Pheidippides’ run is the first Marathon
“Rejoice, we conquer” he said before he collapsed and died from exhaustion
Today’s modern marathon race comes directly from this run
The Olympic Games in ancient Greece adopted this run in memory of the heroics

9. 2nd Invasion of Greece
In 481BC the Persians, under Xerxes attempted to avenge his father Darius I
He set sail with his Persian fleet for Thermopylae
At Thermopylae Xerxes was met by 7,000 Greeks from Athens and…

10. 300 SPARTANS

11. Athens is Destroyed
The Persians eventually defeat the Athenian and Spartan militaries and move toward Athens
The Athenians abandon the city
Xerxes destroys Athens and goes to Salamis to fight the Athenians at SEA

12. Battle at Sea near Salamis
The Athenians built small ships equipped with battering rams.
They attacked the larger, bulkier Persian ships in the narrow channel
1/3 of Xerxes’ fleet was destroyed

13. Consequences of War
The Greeks developed an alliance called the “DELIAN LEAGUE”
The Persian threat ended
Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in Greece
Golden Age in Athens
Sparta becomes concerned with Athenian power and suspicious of Athenian intentions

14. Peloponnesian War
As Athens grew in wealth, prestige and power- Sparta became hostile
431BC Sparta declared WAR

15. Strengths
Athens- NAVY Sparta- ARMY

16. Strategy of Pericles Avoid land battles with Sparta
Wait for opportunity to strike Sparta from the sea

17. Spartans March
The Spartans marched on Athens and burned the Athenian food supply
A plague swept over the Athenians inside their fortified city during the second year of war killing 1/3 the population including Pericles

18. A Short Peace
In 421BC, TEN years after the war started the Athenians surrendered to the Spartans ending the war
Six years later in 415BC Athens attacked a Spartan ally, Syracuse
Two years later the Athenians were crushed
In 404BC Athens surrendered again

19. Results of the War
Athens lost everything
Empire
Power
Wealth