1. 1 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Prof. Dr. Şener Oktik The Chair of the Commission for Higher Education Qualifications Framework for CoHE for Turkey Rector of Mugla University, Turkey 48000 Muğla- TÜRKİYE Tel:+90 252 223 72 67 Fax:+90 252 223 92 74 e-mail: oktik@mu.edu.tr Towards Higher Education Qualifications Framework for Turkey

2. 2 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY  The surface area 814,578 km 2 ( 97% is in Asia and 3% in Europe, a natural land bridge connecting Southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia.)  The population of Turkey 2006 74,5 million (0-14 :%30; 14-64: %64.4; 65+:5,6)  Population Growth Rate %1.2 Life Expectancy Male: 69 Female:74  Gross Domestic Product (2006)$361 billion  Real GDP Growth Rate (2006)7.6%  Inflation Rate (2006)9.23%  Unemployment Rate10.5% On October 3, 2005, the European Union (EU) began the formal accession framework for Turkey to become a full member of the EU, This process is likely to take some time. Turkey will undergo further economic reform and liberalization. Facts and Figures for Turkey

3. 3 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Turkish Education System Population of Turkey : 74,5 million in 2006 Around 25% of the population are in formal education. The language of instruction commonly is Turkish ( with few exceptions where the language of intruction can be partly or totally in foreign languages) Administration of education up to Higher education is centralised under the Ministry of National Education. The Ministry is responsible for : drawing up curricula, coordinating the work of official, private and voluntary organisations, designing and building schools, and developing educational materials.

4. 4 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Turkish Education System Higher education institutions, HEIs, are autonomous for purposes of teaching and research. They submit annual reports to The Council of Higher Education, CoHE, The Council of Higher Education, an autonomous corporate public body within the provisions set forth in the Constitution of the Turkish Republic (Articles 130 and 131) and the Higher Education Law (no:2547), is responsible for: planning, coordination, governance and supervision of higher education

5. 5 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Turkish Education System Normal Age Education 3-5 Pre-School Education( optional): Pre-school education is provided in kindergartens ( Ana Okulları) under the resposibility of the Ministry of National Education 6-14 Compulsory primary education: The basic education has a single structure with no transition between primary and lower secondary education. Under Law No. 4306, compulsory primary education (Zorunlu İlköğretim) is eight years, for children aged between 6 and 14 since 1997. 15-18 Post-compulsory education/ secondary education ( General secondary education Vocational and technical secondary education) Secondary education is provided in general, vocational and technical education institutions offering at least three years (four years effective from 2007) of education for those who have completed primary education.

6. 6 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Turkish Education System Normal Age Education and Qualifications 19-20 A vocational qualification known as “Önlisans Diploması” may be awarded by Meslek Yüksek Okulları, short cycle vocational training schools in higher education. In general they are affiliated to the universities. 19-22 University degrees include first-cycle qualifications, Bachelor’s Degree “Lisans Diploması”. Bachelor’s degree is awarded following the successful completion of a full-time four-year university course of study 22-24 A second-cycle qualification known as Yüksek Lisans Diploması (Master’s degree). The Master’s degree is awarded following the successful completion of a further two years of full-time university study (or one-and-a- half years in the case of Master’s programmes not requiring a thesis) 24 A PhD/doctoral degree known as “Doktora Diploması”, which may be taken following satisfactory completion of the Master’s degree, or following The Bachelor’s degree with certain rules and requires a further three years of study

7. 7 General Secondary Vocational Secondary CEE 1 2 Short Cycle Semi-Skilled Workers 1 2 3 4 3 4 Cent. Ent Exam The New 1st Cycle Programs Short Cycle within First Cycle First Cycle Programs Cent. Ent Exam Short Cycle & First Cycle

8. 8 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Turkish Education System The Existing Turkish National Qualification System a transparent and reliable system covering : valid occupational standards, education and training standards curricula, testing and assessment, institutional accreditation and qualifications at international level, facilitating free movement,changing rapidly in line with the needs of the labour market, supporting life long learning principles, setting up infrastructure required for the international comparability and accreditation, increasing competitiveness and employment, enabling easy access of the employers to well qualified manpower fits well with QF EQF.

9. 9 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Number of HE Institutions: 122 State Universities : 85 ( 83 uni. and 2 Institute of Techn. ) Foundation Universities: 30 Military Academies: 3 Police Academy : 1 Military Medical School: 1 Military Professional School: 1 Private Vocational High School: 1 Facts and Figures for Turkish Higher Education

10. 10 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Number of Academic Staff:89,330 Number of Students:2,503,009 (Short Cycle and First Cyle open university students: 845,400) First Cycle:875,000 (including open university) Second Cycle:109,000 Third Cycle: 52,900 Short Cycle:1,575,000 (including open university) Facts and Figures for Turkish Higher Education

11. 11 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY In 2007 1,776, 441 Students applied for the Central University Entrance Exam* 193,524 Student could enrol for a four year bachelor degrees : After completing 8 years primary education and 4 years Secondary Education The Central University Entrance Exam* can be applied International students take separate entrance exam for Turkish HEI Facts and Figures for Turkish Higher Education

12. 12 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Turkey as a candidate state is entitled to participate in the Community Programmes : Socrates Leonardo da Vinci Youth (The most Turkish HEI participated in ERASMUS programme) In 2007, The 90 Turkish HEIs have renewed their charters for LLP EU & TURKEY

13. 13 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Academic Year Outgoing Students Incoming Students Outgoing Academics Incoming Academics 2004/051142299339218 2005/062860900585350 2006/07490012001450418 EU & TURKEY ERASMUS MOBILITY

14. 14 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Turkish Higher Education System In Turkey studies have been undertaken in order to set up NQF parallel with EQF and EQF. In this respect all parties and institutions including CoHE and MoNE have been dealing with issues concerning NQF for LLL.

15. 15 Steps in establishing NQF (Morgens Berg)

16. BOLOGNA SCORECARD Degree SystemQuality AssuranceRecognitionLLLJoint 1 2 3456789101112 Impl Acc NQF ESGExtStudIntDSLRCECTSLLLJD TURKEY553 544344535 BOLOGNA SCORECARD - 2007 TURKEY Mean Score of Bologna Countries 2007 4.14.52.94.2 4.03.54.14.04.23.74.6

17. 17 Number of Countries in Each Colour Category for Indicators 1-3 Degree system Green Light green YellowOrangeRed 1. Stage of implementation of the first and second cycle 23 111040 2. Access to the next cycle 37 5213 3. Implementation of national qualifications framework 76 11 231 Stocktaking on the Degree System

18. 18 Number of countries in each colour category for Indicators 8-10 Recognition of degrees and study periods Green Light green YellowOrangeRed 8. Stage of implementation of diploma supplement 2571411 9. National implementation of the principles of the Lisbon Recognition Convention 315138 10. Stage of implementation of ECTS 279660 Stocktaking on Recognition of Degrees and Study Periods

19. 19 Number of countries in each colour category for Indicators 11-12 Recognition of prior learning and joint degrees Green Light green YellowOrangeRed 11. Recognition of prior learning 1711992 12. Establishment and recognition of joint degrees 3216000 Stocktaking on Recognition of Prior Learning and Joint Degrees

20. 20 Stocktaking on Quality Assurance Quality assurance Green Light green YellowOrangeRed 4. National implementation of Standards and Guidelines for QA in the EHEA 1726410 5. Stage of development of external quality assurance system 1823520 6. Level of student participation1716114 0 7. Level of international participation11141634 Number of countries in each colour category for Indicators 4-7

21. 21 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

22. 22 CoE, Regional Conference on QF in the EHEA, 1&2 November 2007, Belgrad, SERBIA Prof.Dr. Şener Oktik, TURKEY Total R&D spending / the GDP of Turkey 0,81 2005 2006 0.91 2006 GDP 360 Billion US Dolars X ( 0.91/100) =3.3 Billion US Dolars