1. PSSA Test Preparation

2. Skill Building Classes All students must have a yellow highlighter, a copybook, and a calculator (4-8) Alternate reading and math. If you teach reading in the morning, teach math in the afternoon and vice versa. You should be using the skill building binders and math PowerPoint tutorials along with math maintenance sheets.

3. PSSA Reading Test

4. Alignment and the Assessment Anchor Content Standards A. Comprehension and Reading Skills 1. Fiction 2. Nonfiction B. Interpretation and Analysis of Fiction and Nonfiction 1. Components within or between texts 2. Literary Devices 3. Concepts and Organization of Nonfiction Text 4

5. About the Eligible Content The Eligible Content at each grade level shows the range of knowledge and skills drawn upon to design the PSSA for that grade level. Examining the Eligible Content across grade levels shows the progression of expectations from one grade to the next. 5

6. About the Test Three Reading Sections on the PSSA –Math and Reading sections alternate Math: Sections 1, 3, 5 Reading: Sections 2, 4, 6 Alignment with PA Academic Standard: Assesses knowledge and skills described in the Assessment Anchor Content Standards 6

7. Grade 3 3 sessions Sections 2, 4, & 6 (alternates w/Math) Approximately 50 - 70 minutes each Target Passage Types in Core –2 Stories –1 Poem –1 Informational –1 Autobiography/Biography or 1 Practical/How-to/Advertisement 58 Multiple-choice items (40 in core) 3 Open-ended items (2 in core) Students write ALL answers in test booklet 7

8. Grade 3 Test Format 8 Approx. length Number of Multiple- Choice Items (1 pt.) Number of Open-Ended Items (3 pts.) 50 - 70 minutes each section CommonEquating Block Field Test CommonEquating Block Field Test 40810201 Total 2:35 – 3:45 hrs. Student score: 46 points

9. Grades 4-8 & 11 3 sessions Sections 2, 4, & 6 (alternates w/Math) Approximately 50 –75 minutes each Target Passage Types (mix varies by grade) –Story (all grades) –Poem (all grades) –Informational (all grades) –Autobiography/Biography (eligible at all grades) –Practical/How-to/Advertisement –Essay/Editorial (grades 5, 6, 7, 8, & 11) 58 Multiple-choice items (40 in core) 5 Open-ended items (4 in core) Students write answers in answer booklet 9

10. 10 Approx. length Number of Multiple- Choice Items (1 pt.) Number of Open- Ended Items (3 pts.) 50-75 min.per section Common Equating Block Field TestCommon Equating Block Field Test 40810401 Total 2.5 – 3 hrs. Student score: 52 points Grades 4–8 & 11 Test Format

11. Reading Test Question Types Multiple-choice questions –Each is worth 1 point Open-ended questions –Each is worth 3 points –Responses are scored using item-specific scoring guidelines 11

12. How Are Responses Scored? Multiple-choice responses are bubbled in by the student and scored by machine. 1 point each Open-ended responses are written out by the student and scored by trained raters. 3 points are possible for each Item-specific scoring guide 12

13. Preparing for the PSSA Reading Test Students must be taught specific strategies for approaching the PSSA Reading Test The following is a sample lesson for teaching students how to take the test

14. PSSA Test Taking Strategies for Multiple Choice and Constructed Response

15. Before Reading Strategies The test is on your desk. What do you do now?

16. Open the Proper Mental “Files” Identify the genres and subgenres of the passages. Activate what you know about these types of reading. What kinds of questions do you expect for an informational vs. a narrative vs. a poem? Think of it as several small jobs, not one big, overwhelming one. Your confidence and positive attitude are really half the battle. Scan the test and look at the task ahead of you, but only after you have been told to start, and only the test that you are going to work on in that session

17. Before Reading Read the questions before you read the passage. Don’t read the answer choices. Doing so will take too long and confuse you later. In each question, highlight the key words that tell you what the test maker is looking for, such as, “main idea,” “compare,” or “ in the beginning of the passage.” Also highlight unusual or very specific words/phrases that you can look for while reading.

21. Constructed Response Read the constructed response or “essay” question too before you start reading the passage. Highlight or underline things you are asked to do, statements like: –Explain the main idea... –Describe the character... –Use 3 examples from the passage... Keep the constructed response prompt in the back of your mind while you are reading. During reading, you can mark places in the passage that you could use in your response.

23. During Reading Strategies

24. Active Reading Strategies Always read the text in the box at the top of the first page and any footnote. The main idea and more are often stated in the box, and the genre or source is often revealed in the footnote. Read in chunks, stopping frequently (every paragraph or sub section) to question the author. Ask yourself, “What did the author give me in this chunk of text?” Silently restate the main idea/key point of that chunk in your mind. If you can’t restate it, REREAD IT until you can. This way you’ll catch where you stopped understanding, and you’ll be more willing to reread a chunk than the whole piece. Label it. Highlight or make a margin note of the main idea/key point. This will help you locate relevant parts of the passage when you’re answering the questions, including the constructed response.

25. Highlighting Strategies We all know to highlight what’s important as we read, but what is important here? What’s important in this circumstance is to highlight only main ideas/key points and text that match the questions. As you read, highlight any sentence that contains the unusual words that you highlighted in the questions. The answer is probably right there. Don’t worry about vocabulary words; they will already be underlined in the text. Highlight areas that address the inferential questions about main idea, theme, conflict, character traits, etc. Label the section in the margin. Caution: Too much highlighting defeats the purpose of highlighting.

26. Main idea clue Genre He’s for cell phones 1 st reason = safety 2 nd reason = simplify life for everyone #3 Shaky…pics can Help with vandalism #4 Fla did it. Concl. the times Are changing 2 1

27. Against cells Reason #1= fisrupt class & kids forget to turn off #2 Shaky-May cause danger #3 Cheating Conc= No for safety and learning env. 4 5

28. After Reading Strategies

29. Strategies for Conquering Multiple Choice Questions  Use the text  Cover the answer choices  Eliminate distracters  Know where to look for the type of question  Intelligent guessing  Advice for bubbling  Damage control

30. First of all... DON’T TRUST YOUR MEMORY; GO BACK TO THE TEXT. It’s not cheating; you have the time, and why else did you highlight? Write the number of the question next to the paragraph where you found the answer.

31. Pretend It’s Not Multiple Choice Read the stem only, covering up the answer choices, to see if you already KNOW the answer. Don’t peek, and predict the answer. Now, read ALL of the answer choices. See if any of the choices match your prediction. If your prediction isn’t one of the choices, reread the stem; you may have misunderstood the question. Double check your answer by going back to the text for evidence.

32. Where’s the Answer? Sometimes it’s just a matter of knowing where to look. In the text: Some questions are “right there” on the page. To find these literal questions, simply go back to the text. If you’ve highlighted text that matches the questions, the answer might be staring right at you. Between me and the text: Even if the question isn’t literal, support or evidence for your inference is in the text. Go to the section that relates to that question to make a supportable inference. Main ideas of a passage are usually found in the first paragraph of informational texts. Look there and in the title for stated or implied main ideas. To find the theme, reread the end of the passage, and ask yourself, “What lesson was taught?”

33. Eliminate Distracters Increase Your Odds If more than one choice seems true, then one of them doesn’t answer that specific question. Reread the stem to see which to eliminate. If two answers are opposites, one is often the correct answer. Fact Check. Read each answer, and check it in the passage. Cross out those that are obviously wrong – if any. Some answers are partially true. If any part of the answer is false, eliminate it. For vocabulary, substitute each answer choice for the word in the passage to narrow your options. Rephrase the question: “In other words, what I’m looking for is...” Go back to the section that relates to the question.

34. I’ve Tried All That And Still Don’t Have A Clue If you cannot figure out the answer by using the text and strategies within a few minutes, go with your first impression. Don’t leave it blank. You run the risk of incorrectly numbering the rest of the test. Circle the questions you’re unsure of, even though you’ve answered them. Go back when you’re done with the section and take a fresh look. Sometimes, later questions help to answer earlier ones. Research shows that first instincts are often correct, but we tend to second guess ourselves.

35. Go There Highlighted Go there! Go There and Read context. Substitute each Eliminate those that Don’t match text.

36. 2 possible answers! If you don’t know what 1 st person POV is good for, you won’t get this one. Find the one that recognizes the other side

37. This is an author’s purpose. The answer has to apply to BOTH

38. Bubbling Advice oA dull pencil works best; it’s faster and does not snap off or tear the paper. oDO NOT press so hard that you can’t completely erase the bubble. oMake sure that the center of the bubble is filled in; the scanner reads from the center of the bubble. oErase all stray marks and smudges. They may be read as answers.

39. Review Go back to make sure that you’ve answered all of the questions. Erase all stray marks and smudges. Scanners read from left to right and stop at the first answer; they may read a stray mark or smudge as your answer! If you have extra or too few answer lines, there is a big problem. Most of your answers will be wrong unless you: 1.Locate the skipped line or answer. 2.Erase thoroughly. 3.Recopy your answers.

40. Remember: The multiple choice section counts for the majority of your score. Careless errors, skipped questions, and smudges can be very damaging. The difference between basic and proficient boils down to missing just one less question!

41. The Constructed Response Give them what they want!

42. The most important thing to know is that your comprehension is what’s being evaluated here; they want to know if you understood the reading. You must answer all parts of the question. You must include the right number of specific details from the text to support your answer. You must tell why your text details support your answer. You should not include things that have little to do with the passage, like your personal experiences, unless they tie DIRECTLY to the question.

43. Writing Your Constructed Response Essay You will be given scratch paper during the PSSA, but you will NOT be told what to do with it. That’s up to you. You should automatically think: Venn Diagram Web Graphic Organizer! Decide what works best for your ideas.

44. Writing Your Constructed Response Essay Transfer your response from your scratch paper to the test booklet when you feel that it answers the prompt completely. Use your best writing skills even though your writing ability is not being scored on the PSSA Reading test. High level vocabulary, as well as clearly expressed and organized ideas show off your comprehension rather than getting in the reader’s way, so create paragraphs and proofread.

45. The word that I would use to describe both the student and the school representative is logical. An example of the student being logical is that he said that cell phones are needed for safety. A parent might need to get in touch with a child in an emergency. The school representative is also logical when he says that cell phones ringing in class will cause disruptions since kids will forget to turn them off. Use the words In the prompt to Form your topic Sentence. Example of logic from 1 st one Example of logic from 2nd one

46. The PSSA Format Knowing the test’s design can help you strategically. There are 6 tests on this year’s PSSA: –3 Math –3 Reading You will alternate, starting with Math. On the 3 Reading sections, you will answer a total of: –66 Multiple Choice Questions –6 constructed Response Questions

47. Click here to begin!

48. 1.Read the definition and/or clue. 2.Click on the term that matches the definition and/or clue. 3.If you are incorrect, try again. Keep track of how many incorrect answers you guess. 4.If you are correct, go on to the next question. Good luck! Let the game begin!begin

49. BOO HOO! You need to study!

50. 1. Sally saw seashells at the seashore is an example of which figurative language? simile personification metaphor alliteration

51. 2. A word that is the opposite of another word is called… antonym synonymfocus conventions

52. 3. A category used to classify literary works, usually by form, technique or content. (Examples are fiction, fantasy, or adventure.) fluency genrehomophone context clues

53. 4. I had 20 hours of homework to do last night is an example of which figurative language? fluency hyperbolemetaphor simile

54. 5. A type of story, actual or fictional, that can be read or written is called a… adventure comparenarrative irony

55. 6. The clouds were puffy cotton balls is an example of which figurative language? metaphor hyperbole simile idiom

56. 7. The attitude of the author toward the audience and characters, such as serious or humorous is called the author’s ________. theme tonehomophone style

57. 8. I have studied the PSSA reading terms. Kind of Maybe YES! I am ready! No

58. 9. To restate text in other words, often to clarify meaning or to show understanding style themeself-monitor paraphrase

59. 10. The way in which an author reveals characters, events and ideas in telling a story; the point from which the story is told point of view stylevoice satire

60. 11. Get off my back already is an example of which figurative language? simile metaphoridiom personification

61. 12. When two or more words have a highly similar meaning they are called ________. antonyms synonymssimiles hyperboles

62. 13. The desk sighed as the heavy teacher sat on it is an example of which figurative language? metaphor antonympersonification simile

63. 14. She was as big as a house is an example of which figurative language? simile metaphorpersonification synonym

64. 15. How many questions did you get wrong? 3-6 7-1011-14 0-2

65. You made it! Congratulations! You must have had so much fun you want to try it again! You have reviewed the reading standards! Keep up the great work!

66. Resources http://www.phila.k12.pa.us/offices/curriculu m/supports/2006/Timelines.htmhttp://www.phila.k12.pa.us/offices/curriculu m/supports/2006/Timelines.htm –This site is good for K-5, 7-8 reading and K-5 math, social studies