1. Scientific Revolution

2. Scientific Awakening During the Middle Ages Scholarly ideas were based on ancient Greek thinkers. People thought the Earth was not flat, but couldn’t prove it. Ideas still reflected the Church Doctrine with the Earth as the center of the universe

3. A directional change in thinking occurs People began to search for truth rather than accept what had always been believed Inspired by the renaissance idea of questioning and challenging tradition

4. Contributors to the scientific revolution

5. Astronomy, Physics and Mathematics Nicholas Copernicus Galileo Galilei Sir Isaac Newton Sir Francis Bacon René Descartes First to suggest heliocentric theory The belief that the sun is the center of the universe. But he had no proof. Invented the telescope- used it to prove Copernicus’ theory Forced to recant belief by the Catholic Church Established Laws of motion, universal law of gravity This knowledge will be applied to machinery used for Industrialization Developed the Scientific Method Believed that truth resulted only from a thorough investigation of evidence Developed mathematical concepts that aided further scientific research Believed that truth must be reached through reason

6. Biology and Human Anatomy Andreas Vesalius William Harvey Robert Hooke Disproved theories about human body that had been based on dissecting apes Used dissection of human bodies to determine how the body worked Continued efforts to expand knowledge of human anatomy Discovered how blood circulates through the body via the heart Invented the Microscope Used it to discover cells

7. Chemistry Robert Boyle Joseph Priestley Antoine and Marie Lavoisier Father of Modern Chemistry Experimented with gases and pressure His work will be applied to machinery for industrialization Experimented with oxygen Discovered Carbon Dioxide His work will be applied to machinery for industrialization Used knowledge of Priestley to study combustion Their work will be applied to machinery for industrialization

8. Impact of the Scientific Revolution Challenging Church Traditions Enlightenment Philosophy Industrial Revolution Advances in Medicine Cultural Revolution

9. Enlightenment Philosophy Thomas Hobbes John Locke Hugo Grotius Baron de Montesquieu Jean Jacques Rousseau Mary Wollstonecraft Denis Diderot Social Contract Natural Rights Limited Government Natural Law Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Authority to overthrow an abusive government Popular Sovereignty First Feminist Believed men and women were equal and should be treated equally Believed in the importance of preserving knowledge Published the first Encyclopedia Applying scientific reasoning to philosophy and law (government)

10. Challenging Church Doctrine The Church banned any writings that contradicted church doctrine. Galileo faced inquisition because his book provided proof of inconsistencies between church teaching and reality. If the church was wrong about the earth being the center of the universe, what else is it wrong about?

11. “God is the author of two great books—the book of scripture and the book of nature. These cannot be in conflict; so any apparent contradictions come from fallible human interpretations…Scripture is a book about how to go to heaven; not a book about how heaven goes.” - Galileo Galileo