1. Practical measures for Reducing Irregular Migration Main findings of the Italian study Paris 29 November 2011

2. Italy, a former emigration country, nowadays hosts 4,500,000 regular migrants. But Italy is also an important gate for irregular and unauthorized migration flows Geographic factors: proximity with less developed and unstable areas extension and accessibility of sea borders intermediary position-”gate” to Europe Economic factors underground economy structural demand for foreign workers (mainly low- skilled) 2

3. Eurostat statistics 3

4. 4 National approach looking for a balance between favouring regular migration and combating irregular flows PRE-ENTRY Interventions in third countries – Development cooperation – Information campaigns – Framework cooperation agreements concerning employment – Quota system - migration flows planning Police-cooperation

5. The quota for non seasonal workers is divided in two sub-categories: 1.Quota reserved for specific work-sectors (for instance: autonomous work, domestic works, etc.) 2.Preferential Quotas (PQ) for third countries, who have signed a readmission agreement with Italy. 5

6. Incidence: Preferential Quota (PQ) 6 Year% PQ/ total 199810,3 199910,3 200021,1 200116,8 200217,6 20034,8 200425,7 200521,1 20067,0 200718,9 200819,4 201029,1

7. 7

8. In ‘90s flows were not managed and Italy feared an invasion (R. King’s “albanophobia”) First decade 2000: Over half million of residents (settlement). Still high migration pressure, but nowadays flows are managed Improved popular perception (“albanophilia”) End of 2010: Financial crisis repercussion on building sector Several thousands could not renew the stay permit. Ismu foundation estimates 50/60 thousands irregulars (Jan 2010) The Albanian Case RefusAppr. 2001 11.69313.431 2008 3553 635 2009 435 2 875 2010 575 2 820 Regular.Incidence 199512.7% 199818.0% 20027.9% 20093.8%

9. Police cooperation (from Alba mission to the present trainings) Development cooperation (4° ODA beneficiary in 2009) Information campaigns (Uams, at consulates, etc) Support to Albanian Strategy for Migration (2005) Training abroad to facilitate integration in the annual quotas (2008) Employment oriented agreement (signed in 2008, renewed in 2011) Ministry of labour coordination office (since 2011) Readmission agreement (1997) and Privileged Quotas (1998) Despite very effective efforts, it’s still valid the need of competent policies to reduce irregular migration Pre-entry practical measures 19981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 3 000 6 000 3 0001 0003 000 4 500 - -

10. Conclusions The case of Italy shows that irregular migration can be channeled into regular paths and a positive integration in the society and labour market can be achieved; However, regular channels not always exhaust irregular flows as shown by the several regularizations that took place in Italy; It is difficult to draw conclusions in such a complex period, but an exhaustive overview on practical measures implemented by MSs represents a necessary starting point: and this is the role of the EMN. 10

11. Thank you for your attention!

12. Practical measures to reduce irregular migration PATHWAYS OUT OF IRREGULARITY Regularisations Assisted Voluntary Return 12

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14. Number of migrants granted legal status, by area of origin 14