2. Conflict in the Middle East  BIG Idea: Valuable waterways and oil reserves led to superpower maneuvering for influence in the Middle East.

4. Why should we care?

5. Arab Independence WWWWhat was the Sykes-Picot agreement? AAAAfter WWII, European-ruled Arab countries gained independence. –S–S–S–Still subject to Western influence PPPPan-Arabism: unity in the Arab world.

6. Iran AAAAfter WWII, oil-rich Iran was a dictatorship run by a repressive shah supported by the west to block Soviet influence. Shah Pahlavi –British had grown rich on Iranian oil at Iran’s expense.

7. IIIIn the early 1950s, popular, democratic leader M. Mossadegh came to power. –T–T–T–Took over British-owned oil industry & used oil money for social and economic reforms.

8. TTTThe U.S. sponsored a coup placing the hated shah back in power & the oil back to western oil companies (B.P.). –C–C–C–Created increased anti-shah (anti- American) sentiment in the Iranian people.

9. SSSShiite Muslim religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini ousted the shah in 1979 and created an Islamic-fundamentalist dictatorship.

10.  U.S. supported Saddam Hussein in his war against Iran. Dec. 20 th, 1983

11. “Overthrow” by Stephen Kinzer

12. Creation of Israel (in Palestine) CCCContinued violence between Zionist Jews and Arab Palestinians. GGGGreat Britain turned Palestine over to United Nations (U.N.) control in 1947. UUUU.N. voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. OOOOn May 14th, 1948 Israel was born –7–7–7–700,000 Palestinian refugees

14. Arab-Israeli Conflicts WWWWithin 24 hrs., Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt, & Jordan attacked. AAAAided by the West (U.S.), Israel defeated the Arabs in 9 months and claimed more territory.

15.  Palestinian Liberation Org. (PLO): a militant group aimed at eliminating Israel. –Yasser Arafat

16. Six Days War 1967 IIIIsrael tripled its land holdings. –G–G–G–Gaza Strip (from Egypt) –G–G–G–Golan Heights (from Syria) –W–W–W–West Bank (from Jordan) PPPPalestinians were left under Israeli military occupation or became refugees.

17. U.N.-Sponsored Israel Area gained in 1949 Area occupied in 1967

18. Current Situation IIIIsrael refuses to pull out of occupied territories. AAAArabs refuse to recognize Israel’s right to exist.

19. AAAAmerican support of Israel angers Arab countries. –U–U–U–Use oil embargos as a weapon (1973)

20.  Recently, hardliners have come to power on both sides. –Netanyahu –Hamas

21.  Many people on both sides want peace.  Two state solution? Jerusalem?

22. Assignment/Activity  Study for your final!!!

23. Works Cited CIA Logo. Private collection. Web. 17 May 2010. Farah, Mounir A., and Andrea B. Karls. World History The Human Experience. New York: Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 1999. 948-65. Print. Hamas. Private collection. Web. 18 May 2010 Israel 1947. Map. AP World History Maps. Ed. Burnett. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2010.. Israel. Map. Exam 2 Review. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2010.. Khomeini. Private collection. Web. 18 May 2010.. Map. Arab League Map. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2010. Mohammad Mosaddeq. Private collection. Web. 18 May 2010.. Muheisen, Muhammed. Yasser Arafat. AP Photo. Web. 18 May 2010.. Palestinian Child v. Israeli Tank. Private collection. Web. 18 May 2010. Rumsfeld Hussein Handshake. Private collection. Web. 18 May 2010. U.S. Oil Consumption. 2006. Private collection. Web. 17 May 2010.