1. Slide 1 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 4 Organ Systems of the Body

2. Slide 2 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS  Organ—a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any tissue alone  Organ system—a group of organs arranged in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any organ alone  Knowledge of individual organs and how they are organized into groups makes the understanding of how a particular organ system functions as a whole more meaningful

3. Slide 3 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS  Integumentary system (Figure 4-2)  Structure—organs Skin Skin Hair Hair Nails Nails Sense receptors Sense receptors Sweat glands Sweat glands Oil glands Oil glands  Functions Protection Protection Regulation of body temperature Regulation of body temperature Synthesis of chemicals Synthesis of chemicals Sense organ Sense organ

4. Slide 4 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

5. Slide 5 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Skeletal system (Figure 4-3)  Structure Bones Bones Joints Joints  Functions Support Support Movement (with joints and muscles) Movement (with joints and muscles) Storage of minerals Storage of minerals Blood cell formation Blood cell formation

6. Slide 6 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

7. Slide 7 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Muscular system (Figure 4-4)  Structure Muscles Muscles  Voluntary, or striated  Involuntary, or smooth  Cardiac  Functions Movement Movement Maintenance of body posture Maintenance of body posture Production of heat Production of heat

8. Slide 8 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

9. Slide 9 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Nervous system (Figure 4-5)  Structure Brain Brain Spinal cord Spinal cord Nerves Nerves Sense organs Sense organs  Functions Communication Communication Integration Integration Control Control Recognition of sensory stimuli Recognition of sensory stimuli  System functions by production of nerve impulses caused by stimuli of various types  Control is fast-acting and of short duration

10. Slide 10 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

11. Slide 11 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Endocrine system (Figure 4-6)  Structure Pituitary gland Pituitary gland Pineal gland Pineal gland Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Parathyroid glands Thymus gland Thymus gland Adrenal glands Adrenal glands Pancreas Pancreas Ovaries (female) Ovaries (female) Testes (male) Testes (male)

12. Slide 12 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

13. Slide 13 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Endocrine system (cont.)  Functions Secretion of special substances called hormones directly into the blood Secretion of special substances called hormones directly into the blood Same as nervous system—communication, integration, control Same as nervous system—communication, integration, control Control is slow and of long duration Control is slow and of long duration Examples of hormone regulation: Examples of hormone regulation:  Growth  Metabolism  Reproduction  Fluid and electrolyte balance

14. Slide 14 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Cardiovascular (circulatory) system (Figure 4-7)  Structure Heart Heart Blood vessels Blood vessels  Arteries  Veins  Capillaries  Functions Transportation Transportation Regulation of body temperature Regulation of body temperature Immunity (body defense) Immunity (body defense)

15. Slide 15 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

16. Slide 16 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Lymphatic system (Figure 4-8)  Structure Lymph nodes Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic vessels Tonsils Tonsils Thymus Thymus Spleen Spleen  Functions Transportation Transportation Immunity (body defense) Immunity (body defense)

17. Slide 17 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

18. Slide 18 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Respiratory system (Figure 4-9)  Structure Nose Nose Pharynx Pharynx Larynx Larynx Trachea Trachea Bronchi Bronchi Lungs Lungs  Functions Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for oxygen occurs in the alveoli of the lungs Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for oxygen occurs in the alveoli of the lungs Warm and humidify incoming air Warm and humidify incoming air Filtration of irritants from inspired air Filtration of irritants from inspired air Regulation of acid-base balance Regulation of acid-base balance

19. Slide 19 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

20. Slide 20 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Digestive system (Figure 4-10)  Structure Primary organs Primary organs  Mouth  Pharynx  Esophagus  Stomach  Small intestine  Large intestine  Rectum  Anal canal Accessory organs Accessory organs  Teeth  Salivary glands  Tongue  Liver  Gallbladder  Pancreas  Appendix

21. Slide 21 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

22. Slide 22 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Digestive system (cont.)  Functions Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion) of food Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion) of food Absorption of nutrients Absorption of nutrients Undigested waste product that is eliminated is called feces Undigested waste product that is eliminated is called feces  Appendix Structural but not a functional part of digestive system Structural but not a functional part of digestive system Inflammation of appendix is called appendicitis Inflammation of appendix is called appendicitis

23. Slide 23 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Urinary system (Figure 4-11)  Structure Kidneys Kidneys Ureters Ureters Urinary bladder Urinary bladder Urethra Urethra  Functions “Clearing” or cleaning blood of waste products; waste product excreted from body is called urine “Clearing” or cleaning blood of waste products; waste product excreted from body is called urine Electrolyte balance Electrolyte balance Water balance Water balance Acid-base balance Acid-base balance In males, urethra has urinary and reproductive functions In males, urethra has urinary and reproductive functions

24. Slide 24 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

25. Slide 25 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Reproductive system (Figures 4-12 and 4-13)  Structure Male Male  Gonads—testes  Genital ducts—vas deferens, urethra  Accessory gland—prostate  Supporting structures—genitalia (penis and scrotum) Female Female  Gonads—ovaries  Accessory organs—uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, vagina  Supporting structures—genitalia (vulva), mammary glands (breasts)

26. Slide 26 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

27. Slide 27 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

28. Slide 28 Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ORGAN SYSTEMS (cont.)  Reproductive system (cont.)  Functions Survival of genes Survival of genes Production of sex cells (male: sperm; female: ova) Production of sex cells (male: sperm; female: ova) Transfer and fertilization of sex cells Transfer and fertilization of sex cells Development and birth of offspring Development and birth of offspring Nourishment of offspring Nourishment of offspring Production of sex hormones Production of sex hormones