1. 1 PERSUASIVE SPEAKING Constructing Speech Goal Adapting Goal to Audience Attitude

2. 2 OPPOSED Change wording of goal E.g I want to convince my audience that gay marriages should be legalized Change to I want to convince my audience committed gay couples should be able to have the same legal protection that is afforded to committed heterosexual couples through state-recognized marriage.

3. 3 NEUTRAL If audience is uninformed: provide basic arguments. Impartial: i.e. No opinion- sound reasoning will help. In favour: Reinforce and strengthen their beliefs.

4. 4 PROPOSITIONS E.g Propositions of Fact Mahatma Gandhi was the father of passive resistance E.g Propositions of Value Mahatma Gandhi was a moral leader. E.g Propositions of Policy MG should be given a special award for his views on passive resistance.

5. 5 IDENTIFY GOOD REASONS AND SOUND EVIDENCE Is the reason directly related to proving propositions? Do I have strong evidence to support a reason? Will this reason be persuasive for this audience?

6. 6 REASONING Claim -conclusion to be proven. E.g Your car needs a tune-up. Evidence: It stalls at stoplights Support A claim is supported with reasons or evidence

7. 7 Warrant Logical statement that connects support to claim.

8. 8 TYPES AND TESTS OF ARGUMENTS Arguing from Example Arguing from Analogy - support a claim with a single comparable example that is so significantly similar to subject of the claim as to be a strong proof.

9. 9 Arguing from Causation -support a claim by citing events that have occurred that result in the claim. Arguing from Sign -provide evidence that the events that signal the claim have occurred.

10. 10 ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS Statement of Reasons E.g. I want my audience to believe that passing the tax levy is necessary I The income will enable schools to restore vital programs (second strongest) The income will allow…. (strongest)

11. 11 Comparative Advantages Criteria Satisfaction Problem Solution