1. Preventing Pregnancy and STD’s

2. Contraception Contraception – ways to prevent pregnancy
90% of sexually active couples that don’t use contraception conceive a child within 1 year
Among sexually active teens, fewer than ½ report using contraception
Contraception is for men and women
Close to 1 million to teens get pregnant each year, but 3 times that number get STD’s

3. Advantages of sexual abstinence
No risk of pregnancy
No risk of deadly STD transmission
Security that you are not being pursued for sexual reasons
An honest chance to develop more depth in relationships
Less worries about emotional betrayal
More self-respect and more respect for each other
Peace of mind and joy in the knowledge that you are true to your beliefs and values

4. Why teenagers choose to abstain
Want to wait for a committed relationship 87%
Worry about STD’s 85%
Worry about pregnancy 84%
Want to wait until older 84%
Worry about HIV/AIDS 83%
Waiting to meet the right person 80%
Just not ready for sex 79%
Want to wait until marriage 71%
Against religious beliefs 40%
Lack of opportunity 38%

5. Where to get help Parents Teachers Doctors Relatives
Go to see someone that is a reliable source of information, not just anyone off the street

6. Standard Contraceptive Methods
ABSTINENCE IS THE ONLY 100% EFFECTIVE MEASURE TO KEEP YOURSELF FREE FROM STD’S

7. Standard Contraceptive Methods
Oral Contraception
Combination pills – uses synthetic versions of the female reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone to prevent pregnancy
Progestin-only pill- contains only progestin
Use them properly under a doctor’s prescription

8. The Pill

9. Contraception Methods
Hormone Implants and Injections
Norplant – six thin capsules that release progestin for up to 5 years
Depo-Provera – a shot of progestin that last 3 months
Intrauterine Device – Also called an IUD. Small plastic or plastic and metal object that a doctor puts into a woman’s uterus.
The IUD makes the uterus hostile to sperm and prevents implantation of the egg
These methods DON’T prevent STD’s, just pregnancy!!!

10. IUD

11. Barrier Methods
Vaginal Spermicide – sperm-killing or sperm-immobilizing products that can be inserted into the vagina just before intercourse
They are available over the counter (OTC)
They are placed between sperm and ovum at the opening of the uterus
Spermicides can kill some bacteria that cause STD’s, but not ALL of them

12. Vaginal Spermacide

13. Barrier Methods
Diaphragm – a circular metal spring or ring fitted with a shallow cup of thin rubber that the user fills with spermicidal cream or jelly
It is then folded into the vagina before sexual intercourse and is taken out about 6-8 hours after sexual intercourse
Diaphragms must be custom fitted for each woman
The diaphragm also puts up a barrier to some STD bacteria that may otherwise invade the uterus, but not viruses

14. Diaphragm

15. Barrier Methods
Cervical Cap – flexible, cuplike device about an inch and a half in diameter that covers the woman’s cervix
Like the diaphragm, it must be fitted for each woman
The cap is used with spermicide as well
It is left in place both before and after sex

16. Cervical Cap

17. Barrier Methods
Male Condom – is the only available method of birth control for men besides sterilization
It is a thin sheath of latex
It is rolled onto an erect penis before sex takes place
Semen collects in the tip of the condom and is discarded with it.
A condom is the only method of contraception that is available to used to help prevent STD’s.
Even if you use a condom, you are still at risk of contracting and STD!!

18. Male Condom

19. Female Condom

20. Methods NOT Recommended for Contraception
Douches – used to clean the woman’s vaginal canal
They do NOT kill sperm or prevent pregnancy
They cannot prevent or cure STD’s
Withdrawal – also known as “pulling out”
A man pulls out his penis out of the woman’s vagina just before he ejaculates
NOT SAFE!!
Large likelihood of becoming pregnant
Does not prevent STD’s

21. Sterilization Vasectomy
A surgeon makes 1 or 2 tiny cuts in the scrotum
Then he severs and seals the tubes (vas deferens) through which the sperm travel to become part of the semen
Man continues to produce sperm, but they are reduced in number and are absorbed by the body rather than being release in to the semen

22. Vasectomy

23. Tubal Ligation
A surgeon cuts and seals off the fallopian tubes, which conduct ova from the ovaries to the uterus
Sperm traveling up the tubes arrive at a dead end and cannot fertilize the ovum a woman may have produced
A bit more involved than a vasectomy

24. Tubal Ligation

25. Contraception Failure
If your contraception fails, you will be faced with a choice
Have the baby
Give the baby up for adoption
Abort the baby
All decisions are life-long and will be remembered forever!!

26. Abortion
Abortion methods vary and depend upon how long along the woman is in her pregnancy
Vacuum aspiration – suction is applied to empty the uterus of the early tissues of pregnancy, including the embryo and the tissues that would form a placenta
RU 486 – this drug interferes with the action of progesterone and brings on menstruation and loss of the pregnancy

27. Abortion
Between weeks of pregnancy, more direct methods must be used to scrape or vacuum the uterus
Some hormones can be given to a woman and she goes into labor and abortion results
There is always some risk to the woman when she goes through an abortion

28. What is an STD? Sexually Transmitted Disease
A person can contract an STD from having sexual intercourse with someone that is infected with an STD.
Once in the body STDs cause symptoms from rashes and bumps to blindness and death.
Some STDs are caused by bacteria and are curable with antibiotic drugs. Others are caused by viruses and cannot be treated with drugs and are incurable

29. STD’s There are many types of STD’s. The most common ones are:
Chlamydia - Chlamydia trachomatis (most commonly reported in the state)
Syphilis - Treponema Pallidum
Gonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrhea (second most commonly reported in the state)
Herpes – 2 types – Herpes Simplex 1 and Herpes Simplex is oral and 2 is genital
PID – Pelvis Inflammatory Disease

30. STD’s http://dhs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/STD/INDEX.HTM
Statistical Trends
Male vs Female – Which is higher? Why?