2. Come and go with me LETS TAKE A LOOK INTO BIOLOGY

3. I.What is Biology? A.Biology- the study of life. B.Organism- anything that possesses all the characteristics of life.

4. II.CHARACTERISTICS of LIVING THINGS A.Have an orderly structure (Organization) B.Produce offspring (Reproduction) C.Grow and develop 1.Growth- results in an increase in the amount of living material and formation of new structure 2.Development- All the changes that take place during the life of an organism

5. D.Adjust to changes in the environment. 1.Environment- An organism’s surroundings including air, weather, temperature, and any other organisms in the area.

6. III.RESPONSE to the ENVIRONMENT A.Stimulus- any condition (external or internal) in the environment that requires an organism to react. B.Response- a reaction to stimulus.

7. C.Homeostasis- regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for it’s survival “steady state”. 1.Living things reproduce themselves, grow and develop, respond to external stimuli and maintain homeostasis by using “ENERGY” D.Energy- the ability to cause change.  Organisms get their energy from food.

8. IV.LIVING THINGS ADAPT and EVOLVE A.Adaptation- any structure, behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment. 1.Inherited from previous generations. 2.Individuals with more suitable adaptations are more likely to survive.

9. B.Evolution- the gradual change in a species through adaptations over time.

10. Homework: Define the Following Vocabulary Words  AdaptationBiology  DevelopmentEnergy  EnvironmentGrowth  HomeostasisOrganism  OrganizationReproduction  ResponseAsexual reproduction  SpeciesSexual reproduction  Stimulus

11. V. A.Species- group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature.. B.Theory- explanation of a natural phenomenon. “Explains nature” C.Law- describes nature.

12. SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1.Define the Problem 2.Collect Information 3.Form a Hypothesis 1.Explanation or tentative answer to a question 4.Experiment 1.Investigation that test a hypothesis 5.Collect Data from experiment 6.Draw Conclusion 7.Publish Information *** PAGE 17 METHODS

13. VI. A.Some experiments involve 2 groups 1.Control Group a.Control- standard… all conditions stay the same (shows what happens if there is not change to the independent Variable). 2.Experimental Group a.Test Group. One single condition is tested. 1.Independent Variable- (manipulated variable) Changed condition. 2.Dependent Variable- 2 (responding variable) Changes the result from the independent variable. PAGE 13

14. VII. A.Science was developed because humans have always been curious about the natural world. Leading to the beginning of cause and effect. B.Science is defined as a process that produces a body of knowledge about nature. The application of scientific research to society’s needs is called technology. C.The use and application of science is a step by step process called the scientific method.

15. VIII.SCIENCE A.LIMITS TO SCIENCE 1.Some things are untestable because of the lack of technology 2.Science cannot determine what is socially or morally correct. B.KINDS OF RESEARCH 1.Quantitative research- this research is analyzed by comparing numerical data. It may be used to make tables or graphs, which allows for large amounts of information to be easily understandable. 2.Qualitative research- expresses quality and observational data, which is written descriptions of what scientists observe.

16. IX.ETHICS A.Ethics- refers to the moral principles and values held by humans. 1.Science may not consider all possible ethics. Therefore, society as a whole must take responsibility for the ethical use of scientific discoveries. B.Technology- the application of scientific research to meet society’s needs and problems.

17. Homework: Define the Following Vocabulary Words  ControlData  Experiment Dependent Variable  TheoryIndependent Variable  EthicsScientific Method  TechnologyLouis Pasteur  Franciso RediBiogenesis  BioticBiotechnology  AbioticCell  TissueOrgans  Organ SystemSpontaneous Generation  Diversity

18.  SI- allows for scientist around the world to have a common basis for understanding data METER (m)LENGTHRULER KILOGRAM (Kg) MASSBALANCE LITER (l)VOLUMEGRADUATED CYLINDER SECOND (s)TIMESTOP WATCH CELSIUS (c)TEMPERATURETHERMOMETER

19. 1. William Harvey: (1628) showed how blood circulates through the body in blood vessels. 2. Gregor Mendel: father of heredity, worked with pea plants 3. Edwin Chargaff: (1947) discovered that for every adenine there is a thymine, and for every guanine there is a cytosine-base content of (DNA pairs) 4. Alexander Fleming: (1928) discovery of the first antibiotic; penicillin 5. Robert Hooke: discovered and named the cell while observing cork 6. Rachel Carson: warned of the danger of increased pesticides and the damage it was doing to nature; wrote “Silent Spring” 7. Jane Goodall: studied chimpanzees

20. 1. Charles Drew : did research in the collection and storage of blood plasma. 2. Charles Darwin : developed the theory of evolution based on natural selection. 3. James Watson/Francis Crick : (1953) determined the structure of DNA to be a double helix. 4. George Washington Carver : (botanist) developed several industrial uses for the peanut. 5. Carolus Linnaeus : father of classification developed two-word system for naming organisms (binomial nomenclature). 6. Edward Jenner : (1796) developed a vaccine for smallpox. 7. Anton von Leeuwenhoek : 1 st microscope.

21. BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY 1. Biology : study of life 2. Botany : study of plants 3. Zoology : study of animals 4. Mycology : study of fungi 5. Genetics : study of how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring. 6. Anatomy : study of an organism’s structure 7. Bacteriology : study of bacteria 8. Ecology : study of the interaction of organisms with their environment 9. Cytology : study of cells 10. Embryology : study of early developmental stages of organisms 11. Herpetology : study of reptiles 1. Histology : study of tissues 2. Ichthyology : study of fish 3. Morphology : study of the gross anatomy of organisms 4. Ornithology : study of birds 5. Parasitology : study of parasites 6. Pathology : study of diseases 7. Physiology : study of internal function of organisms 8. Taxonomy : classification of living things 9. Virology : study of viruses 10. Entomology : study of insects 11. Eugenics : study of heredity in humans

22. LANGUAGE of SCIENCE PREFIXES A or anNot or non MesoMiddle EndoInside, inner AeroNeeding oxygen or air AntiAgainst AutoSelf BioRelated to life ChloroGreen CytoCell ArthJoint, jointed DiDouble MonoSingular or one GeoPertaining to earth EpiAbove ExoOuter, external GastroStomach HemoBlood HeteroDifferent HomoSame MicroSmall MacroLarge MultiConsisting of many cells PhotoPertaining to light PreBefore LipoPertaining to fat PolyMany

23. LANGUAGE of SCIENCES SUFFIXES -cystPouch -dermSkin, layer -saccharideSugar -itisInflammation -logyStudy of -meterMeasurement -osisCondition -phaseStage -podFoot -stasisStationary condition -lysisTo break -synthesesTo build or make -phageEater *** Pasteur’s Experiment

24. Redi and Pasteur Page 380-381  (Abiogenesis) Spontaneous Generation- the idea that nonliving material can produce life.  Biogenesis- the idea that living organisms come from other living organisms

26. PASTEUR’S GOOSE NECK OR “S” SHAPED FLASK