1. Human Sexuality Contraception and Birth Control

2. Contraception Historical Perspectives:  Issues of access and education

3. Pregnancy in the United States Typical American woman: 39 years of an 80 year lifespan- biological risk of pregnancy (Hatcher, 2004)

4. Pregnancy in the U.S. Half of all pregnancies are intended Half of unintended pregnancies are terminated by abortion (Guttmacher Institute, 2005)

5. Chance of Conception Intercourse 1 day before ovulation: 30% Day of ovulation: 15% Over one year, couples who do not use birth control: 90% chance of conception

6. Contraception: Risk and Responsibility Most consistent users of contraception: men and women who explicitly discuss it

7. Risk and Responsibility Greatest risk for not using contraception:  casual dating partners  those whom infrequently discuss contraception

8. Contraception The more education a couple has, they more likely they are to discuss family planning (Guttmacher Institute, 2005)

9. Psychology of Risk Taking The more frequently a person takes chances with unprotected sex, the more likely he/she is to do so again  Risk taking may be reinforced

10. Psychology of Risk Taking Faulty information about pregnancy and disease Discomfort with sexuality  Especially for the young and inexperienced  “it just happened”

11. Psychology of Risk Taking Difficulty obtaining contraception:  Embarrassment  Youth  Lack of insurance

12. Methods of Contraception Barrier methods Spermicides Hormonal methods Intrauterine devices

13. Birth Control Pills Synthetic estrogen/progesterone 99.7% effective when used correctly Typical use rate: 92%

14. Condom Use 98% effective with perfect use Use effectiveness: 85%  Recent research: nonoxynol-9

15. Emergency Contraception Taking large doses of hormones within 72- 120 hours of intercourse Prevents pregnancy from occurring  Different from the abortion pill

16. Emergency Contraception Over-the-counter? Developmental concerns: adolescent girls

17. Discussion Plan B article:  Pregnancy prevention (prevents fertilization)  Social, behavioral, and ethical issues

18. Reproductive Rights: Historical Perspective Roe v. Wade: 1973- right to abortion; consistent with constitutional right to protect privacy Webster v. Reproductive Rights: 1989- states were granted the right to limit access to abortion

19. Reproductive Rights: Historical Perspectives 1992: Planned Parenthood v. Casey: states can require a 24 hour waiting period before a woman can obtain an abortion  Parental notification for girls under 18