2. The History of Egypt 8 th Grade

3. Ancient Civilization As a result of Egypt’s layout, a vast desert protecting a fertile river valley, the area had a unified kingdom in 3200 B.C. As a result of Egypt’s layout, a vast desert protecting a fertile river valley, the area had a unified kingdom in 3200 B.C. Several dynasties ruled Egypt for the next 3000 years. Several dynasties ruled Egypt for the next 3000 years.

4. The Pyramids Egypt is known for its many pyramids Egypt is known for its many pyramids These pyramids serve as tombs These pyramids serve as tombs Several were built by the famous architect Imhotep Several were built by the famous architect Imhotep The Great Sphinx of Giza

5. Native Rule Ends, Muslim Rule Begins The native rule ended after centuries in 343 BC with a Persian conquest. The native rule ended after centuries in 343 BC with a Persian conquest. It changed hands several times before the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. It changed hands several times before the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Different bands of Muslims held Egypt for the next thousand year until the French invasion of Egypt in 1798. Different bands of Muslims held Egypt for the next thousand year until the French invasion of Egypt in 1798.

6. Civil War After the French invasion failed, control of Egypt was sought after by several groups including Turks, Albanians, and Mamelukes. After the French invasion failed, control of Egypt was sought after by several groups including Turks, Albanians, and Mamelukes. An Albanian, Muhammad Ali, gained control and helped modernize Egypt. An Albanian, Muhammad Ali, gained control and helped modernize Egypt.

7. Cairo

8. Suez Canal and the U.K. Great Britain completed the Suez in 1869, linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Great Britain completed the Suez in 1869, linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas. In 1882, to protect their investment, they took control of Egypt. In 1882, to protect their investment, they took control of Egypt. Egypt remained loyal to the Ottoman Empire until WWI. Egypt remained loyal to the Ottoman Empire until WWI. After WWI Great Britain conceded some control to Egypt. After WWI Great Britain conceded some control to Egypt.

9. The Republic of Egypt The Republic of Egypt was declared in 1953 when Muhammad Naguib was the first president. The Republic of Egypt was declared in 1953 when Muhammad Naguib was the first president. Gamal Abdel Nassar took over shortly after that and forced the British out. Gamal Abdel Nassar took over shortly after that and forced the British out. Nassar tried to unify Syria with Egypt, but he was unsuccessful. Nassar tried to unify Syria with Egypt, but he was unsuccessful.

10. Sadat Anwar Sadat succeeded Nassar after his death in 1970. Anwar Sadat succeeded Nassar after his death in 1970. He made political changes in alliance, choosing the U.S. instead of the Soviet Union in the Cold War. He made political changes in alliance, choosing the U.S. instead of the Soviet Union in the Cold War. He also regained the Sinai Peninsula in the Yom Kippur War, after Nassar had lost it during the Six-Day War. He also regained the Sinai Peninsula in the Yom Kippur War, after Nassar had lost it during the Six-Day War.

11. Modern Egypt Sadat was assassinated in 1981 and replaced by Hosni Mubarak. Sadat was assassinated in 1981 and replaced by Hosni Mubarak. Mubarak has ruled Egypt since then and continues to be one of the Middle East and North Africa’s most powerful leaders. Mubarak has ruled Egypt since then and continues to be one of the Middle East and North Africa’s most powerful leaders.