1. Pyramids – Building for Eternity The idea of monuments or key structures as reflections of a civilization and its values Notions that the Egyptians also constructed other important structures – obelisks and the temple at Luxor, for example Monuments that reflect the human spirit of the people who built them

3. Key Questions Include: Who Built the Pyramids? Where was the material used in construction obtained? Matters of distance measurement, alignment, and geometry How were the blocks moved? Specific construction techniques and internal passageways

5. Ancient Egypt Timeline 5200 B.C. – Predynastic period begins: Small bands of hunter – gatherers roam the Nile river 4600 B.C. – Farming takes over form hunting fishing along the Nile 3200 B.C. -- Separate political units crystallize – districts called nomes begin to join forces 3000 B.C. – Memphis emerges as a capital of unified Egypt 2800 B.C. – Age of the Pyramids 2400 B.C. – Pharaohs begin calling themselves “Son of Re” and build elaborate temples 2000 B.C. – powerful monarchs undertake large irrigation projects and build fortresses in the South 1200 B.C. – Egypt sinks into decline

9. Typically at Giza, 2.3 million stones, some blocks weighing as much as 9 tons

14. Who built the Pyramids?

16. antennae between which a solitron field (or "vortex") levitated pyramid stones.

17. The face on Mars (Viking 1 Orbiter).

18. How were the blocks moved? Mud Ramps with wooden rollers? Levers? Poured in place?