1. Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC Simulation Tools Modeling LHC Regional Centers with the MONARC Simulation Tools Irwin Gaines, FNAL for the MONARC collaboration

2. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools MONARCMONARC u A joint project (LHC experiments and CERN/IT) to understand issues associated with distributed data access and analysis for the LHC u Examine distributed data plans of current and near future experiments u Determine characteristics and requirements for LHC regional centers u Understand details of analysis process and data access needs for LHC data u Measure critical parameters characterizing distributed architectures, especially database and network issues u Create modeling and simulation tools u Simulate a variety of models to understand constraints on architectures

3. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools MONARCMONARC Models Of Networked Analysis At Regional Centers Caltech, CERN, FNAL, Heidelberg, INFN, Helsinki, KEK, Lyon, Marseilles, Munich, Orsay, Oxford, RAL,Tufts,... GOALS è Specify the main parameters characterizing the Model’s performance: throughputs, latencies è Determine classes of Computing Models feasible for LHC (matched to network capacity and data handling resources) è Develop “Baseline Models” in the “feasible” category è Verify resource requirement baselines: (computing, data handling, networks) COROLLARIES: è Define the Analysis Process è Define Regional Center Architectures è Provide Guidelines for the final Models 622 Mbits/s Desk tops CERN n.10 7 MIPS m Pbyte Robot University n.10 6 MIPS m Tbyte Robot FNAL 4.10 7 MIPS 110 Tbyte Robot 622 Mbits/s N x 622 Mbits/s 622Mbits/s Desk tops Desk tops

4. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools MONARC: a systematic study of LHC regional center issues MONARC: a systematic study of LHC regional center issues This talk will discuss - study of existing and near future experiment analysis architectures (http://home.fnal.gov/~odell/future/future_frame.html) - description of regional center services (http://home.fnal.gov/~butler/rcarchitecture.htm) - understanding of LHC analysis process - use of tools to draw conclusions about suitability of different analysis architectures (testbed measurements, development and verification of modeling tools covered in other talks at this conference)

5. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools General Need for distributed data access and analysis: General Need for distributed data access and analysis: Potential problems of a single centralized computing center include: - scale of LHC experiments: difficulty of accumulating and managing all resources at one location - geographic spread of LHC experiments: providing equivalent location independent access to data for physicists - help desk, support and consulting in same time zone - cost of LHC experiments: optimizing use of resources located world wide

6. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Motivations for Regional Centers A distributed computing architecture based on regional centers offers: u A way of utilizing the expertise and resources residing in computing centers all over the world u Provide local consulting and support u To maximize the intellectual contribution of physicists all over the world without requiring their physical presence at CERN u Acknowledgement of possible limitations of network bandwidth u Allows people to make choices on how they analyze data based on availability or proximity of various resources such as CPU, data, or network bandwidth.

7. Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC Simulation Tools Current and Future Experiment Surveys

8. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Future Experiment Survey Analysis/Results u From the previous survey, we saw many sites contributed to Monte Carlo generation è This is now the norm u New experiments trying to use the Regional Center concept è BaBar has Regional Centers at IN2P3 and RAL è STAR has Regional Center at LBL/NERSC è CDF and D0 offsite institutions paying more attention as run gets closer.

9. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Future Experiment Survey Other observations/ requirements u In the last survey, we pointed out the following requirements for RC’s: è 24X7 support è software development team è diverse body of users è good, clear documentation of all s/w and s/w tools u The following are requirements for the central site (I.e. CERN) è Central code repository easy to use and easily accessible for remote sites è be “sensitive” to remote sites in database handling, raw data handling and machine flavors è provide good, clear documentation of all s/w and s/w tools u The experiments in this survey achieving the most in distributed computing are following these guidelines

10. Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC Simulation Tools Regional Center Characteristics

11. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Regional Centers Regional Centers will u Provide all technical services and data services required to do the analysis u Maintain all (or a large fraction of) the processed analysis data. Possibly may only have large subsets based on physics channels. Maintain a fixed fraction of fully reconstructed and raw data u Cache or mirror the calibration constants u Maintain excellent network connectivity to CERN and excellent connectivity to users in the region. Data transfer over the network is preferred for all transactions but transfer of very large datasets on removable data volumes is not ruled out. u Share/develop common maintenance, validation, and production software with CERN and the collaboration u Provide services to physicists in the region, contribute a fair share to post-reconstruction processing and data analysis, collaborate with other RCs and CERN on common projects, and provide services to members of other regions on a best effort basis to further the science of the experiment u Provide support services, training, documentation, trouble shooting to RC and remote users in the region

12. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Data Import Data Export Mass Storage & Disk Servers Database Servers Tapes Network from CERN Network from Tier 2 and simulation centers Physics Software Development R&D Systems and Testbeds Info servers Code servers Web Servers Telepresence Servers Training Consulting Help Desk Production Reconstruction Raw/Sim-->ESD Scheduled, predictable experiment/ physics groups Production Analysis ESD-->AOD AOD-->DPD Scheduled Physics groups Individual Analysis AOD-->DPD and plots Chaotic Physicists Desktops Tier 2 Local institutes CERN Tapes Support Services

13. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Data Import Data Export Mass Storage & Disk Servers Database Servers Tapes Network from CERN Network from Tier 2 and simulation centers Physics Software Development R&D Systems and Testbeds Info servers Code servers Web Servers Telepresence Servers Training Consulting Help Desk Production Reconstruction Raw/Sim-->ESD Scheduled, predictable experiment/ physics groups Production Analysis ESD-->AOD AOD-->DPD Scheduled Physics groups Individual Analysis AOD-->DPD and plots Chaotic Physicists Desktops Tier 2 Local institutes CERN Tapes Data Input Rate from CERN: Raw Data - 5% 50TB/yr ESD Data - 50% 50TB/yr AOD Data - All 10TB/yr Revised ESD - 20TB/yr Data Input from Tier 2: Revised ESD and AOD - 10TB/yr Data Input from Simulation Centers: Raw Data - 100TB/yr Data Output Rate to CERN: AOD Data - 8 TB/yr Recalculated ESD - 10 TB/yr Simulation ESD data - 10 TB/yr Data Output to Tier 2: Revised ESD and AOD - 15 TB/yr Data Output to local institutes: ESD, AOD, DPD data - 20TB/yr Total Storage: Robotic Mass Storage - 300TB Raw Data: 50TB 5*10**7 events (5% of 1 year) Raw (Simulated) Data: 100TB 10**8 events EDS (Reconstructed Data): 100TB - 10**9 events (50% of 2 years) AOD (Physics Object) Data: 20TB 2*10**9 events (100% of 2 years) Tag Data: 2TB (all) Calibration/Conditions data base: 10TB (only latest version of most data types kept here) Central Disk Cache - 100TB (per user demand) CPU Required for AMS database servers: ??*10**3 SI95 power

14. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Physics Sftware Development R&D Systems and Testbeds Info servers Code servers Web Servers Telepresence Servers Training Consulting Help Desk Data Import Data Export Mass Storage & Disk Servers Database Servers Tapes Network from CERN Network from Tier 2 and simulation centers Production Reconstruction Raw/Sim-->ESD Scheduled experiment/ physics groups Production Analysis ESD-->AOD AOD-->DPD Scheduled Physics groups Individual Analysis AOD-->DPD and plots Chaotic Physicists Desktops Tier 2 Local institutes CERN Tapes Farms of low cost commodity computers, limited I/O rate, modest local disk cache ------------------------------------------- ---------- Reconstruction Jobs: Reprocessing of raw data: 10**8 events/year (10%) Initial processing of simulated data: 10**8/year 1000 SI95-sec/event ==> 10**4 SI95 capacity: 100 processing nodes of 100 SI95 power Event Selection Jobs: 10 physics groups * 10**8 events (10%samples) * 3 times/yr based on ESD and latest AOD data 50 SI95/evt ==> 5000 SI95 power Physics Object creation Jobs: 10 physics groups * 10**7 events (1% samples) * 8 times/yr based on selected event sample ESD data 200 SI95/event ==> 5000 SI95 power Derived Physics data creation Jobs: 10 physics groups * 10**7 events * 20 times/yr based on selected AOD samples, generates “canonical” derived physics data 50 SI95/evt ==> 3000 SI95 power Total 110 nodes of 100 SI95 power Derived Physics data creation Jobs: 200 physicists * 10**7 events * 20 times/yr based on selected AOD and DPD samples 20 SI95/evt ==> 30,000 SI95 power Total 300 nodes of 100 SI95 power

15. Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC Simulation Tools Understanding the LHC Analysis Process

16. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools MONARC Analysis Process Example

17. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Model and Simulation parameters Have a new set of parameters common to all simulating groups. More realistic values, but still to be discussed/agreed on the basis of Experiment’s information. 1000 Proc_time_RAW SI95sec/event (350) 25 Proc_Time_ESD “ (2.5) 5 Proc_Time_AOD “ (0.5) 3 Analyze_Time_TAG “ 3 Analyze_Time_AOD “ 15 Analyze_Time_ESD “ (3) 600 Analyze_Time_RAW “ (350) 100 Memory of Jobs MB 5000 Proc_Time_Create_RAW SI95sec/event (35) 1000 Proc_Time_Create_ESD “ (1) 25 Proc_Time_Create_AOD “ (1)

18. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Example : Physics Analysis at Regional Centres èSimilar data processing jobs are performed in several RCs èEach Centre has “TAG” and “AOD” databases replicated. èMain Centre provides “ESD” and “RAW” data èEach job processes AOD data, and also a a fraction of ESD and RAW.

19. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Example: Physics Analysis

20. Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC Simulation Tools Results of Models of Distributed Architectures Results of Models of Distributed Architectures

21. Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC Simulation Tools Analysis and Reconstruction Simulations Preliminary Results for simple Models Try to stress the System and look for a steady state (same Jobs repeated every day) P. Capiluppi, L. Perini, S. Resconi, D. Ugolotti Dept. of Physics & INFN - Bologna & Milano

22. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Base Model used Basic Jobs u Reconstruction of 10 7 events : RAW--> ESD --> AOD --> TAG at CERN It’s the production while the data are coming from the DAQ (100 days of running collecting a billion of events per year) u Analysis of 5 Working Groups each of 25 analyzers on TAG only (no request to higher level data samples). Every analyzer submit 4 sequential jobs on 10 6 events. Each analyzer work start-time is a flat random choice in the range of 3000 seconds. Each analyzer data sample of 10 6 events is a random choice in the complete data sample of TAG DataBase consisting of 10 7 events. u Transfer (FTP) of a 10 7 events ESD, AOD and TAG from CERN to RC –CERN Activities : Reconstruction, 5 WG Analysis, FTP transfer –RC Activities : 5 (uncorrelated) WG Analysis, receive FTP transfer Job’s “paper estimate”: –Single Analysis Job : 1.67 CPU hours at CERN = 6000 sec at CERN (same at RC) –Reconstruction at CERN for 1/500 RAW to ESD : 3.89 CPU hours = 14000 sec –Reconstruction at CERN for 1/500 ESD to AOD : 0.03 CPU hours = 100 sec

23. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Resources: LAN speeds ?! In our Models the DB Servers are uncorrelated and thus one activity uses a single Server. The bottlenecks are the “read” and “write” speed to and from the Server. In order to use the CPU power at reasonable percentage we need a read speed of at least 300 MB/s and a write speed of 100 MB/s (milestone already met today) We use 100 MB/s in current simulations (10 Gbits/sec switched LANs in 2005 may be possible). Processing node link speed is negligible in our simulations. Of course the “real” implementation of the Farms can be different, but the results of the simulation do not depend on “real” implementation: they are based on usable resources. See following slides

24. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Data access speeds DB read speed 25 MB/s DB write speed 15 MB/s DB link speed 100 MB/s Node link speed 10 MB/s Reconstruction of ESD, AOD and TAG (10 7 events) at CERN, repeated for 10 days.  –Poor CPU use (less than 5%) –Low jobs efficiency –Jobs span over the following days

25. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Data access speeds Reconstruction of ESD, AOD and TAG (10 7 events) at CERN, repeated for 10 days. DB read speed 100 MB/s DB write speed 100 MB/s DB link speed 100 MB/s Node link speed 100 MB/s  –Better CPU use (about 15%) –Still low jobs efficiency –Jobs span over the following days

26. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools More realistic values for CERN and RC 100 MB/sec Data Link speeds at 100 MB/sec (all values) except : u Node_Link_Speed at 10 MB/sec u WAN Link speeds at 40 MB/sec CERN u 1000 Processing nodes each of 500 SI95 RC u 200 Processing nodes each of 500 SI95 1000 Processing nodes times 500SI95 = 500kSI95 about the CPU power of CERN Tier0 disk space as for the number of DBs 100kSI95 processing Power = 20% CERN disk space as for the number of DBs

27. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Analysis on 10 7 events Reconstruction of ESD, AOD and TAG (10 7 events) at CERN 5 WG Analysis at CERN 5 WG Analysis at RC Transfer (FTP) of 10 7 events ESD and AOD to the RC 2 days of simulated activities Test7_Model1 10 7 events per job!

28. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Analysis on 10 7 events Reconstruction of ESD, AOD and TAG (10 7 events) at CERN 5 WG Analysis at CERN 5 WG Analysis at RC Transfer (FTP) of 10 7 events ESD and AOD to the RC Test7_Model1 10 7 events per job! 2 days of simulated activities

29. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Analysis on 10 7 events Reconstruction of ESD, AOD and TAG (10 7 events) at CERN 5 WG Analysis at CERN 5 WG Analysis at RC Transfer (FTP) of 10 7 events ESD and AOD to the RC Test7bis_Model1 10 7 events per job! 2 days of simulated activities RC with doubled CPU resources

30. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Some Conclusions of Simulations Larger CPU power (of the order of 1000 SI95sec) for event reconstruction is possible at CERN. (may eventually interfere with number of re-reprocessing per year). A concern. A RC is 20% of CERN but the “full Analysis process” load of 5 physics groups, if fully performed at a single RC, requires more than the 20% of CERN resources! We need to better define “full Analysis process”. Role of Tier2 RC should be coordinated with the corresponding Tier1 RC activities and/or the distribution of WGs over all the Centres should be revisited. must Using 10 7 events for all the Analysis requires a re-thinking of the Analysis Model. RCs must have place for building Revised data and MonteCarlo data.

31. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools SIMULATION OF DAILY ACTIVITITIES AT REGIONAL CENTERS MONARC Collaboration Alexander Nazarenko and Krzysztof Sliwa

32. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Physics Group Selection Each group reads 100% TAG events and follows: ~10% to AOD ~1% to ESD ~0.01% to RAW Number of GroupsFollow AODJobs /group L Groups (L~10) M Groups (M~5) N Groups (N~5 ) p% of total TAG (~1%) q% of total TAG (~5%) r% of total TAG (~10%) 1-2 ~20 Jobs/Day in total evenly spread among participating RCs

33. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools 6 RC: Two types of Reconstruction+Analysis+Selection Five Tier 1 and one Tier 2 Centers optimized to perform the complete set with 30 MBps WAN and optimized LAN Participating RCDataJobs CERN INFN KEK TUFTS CALTECH CALTECH-2 RAW, ESD, AOD, TAG ESD, AOD, TAG ESD, AOD, TAG ESD, AOD, TAG ESD, AOD, TAG AOD, TAG 4 Physics Group Selectionx10 40 Physics Group Analysis Full Reconstruction and FTP Monthly Reconstruction and FTP (10days) 4 Physics Group Selectionx10 40 Physics Group Analysis 4 Physics Group Selectionx10 40 Physics Group Analysis 4 Physics Group Selectionx10 40 Physics Group Analysis 4 Physics Group Selectionx10 40 Physics Group Analysis 20 Physics Group Analysis Model1 (fixed values) Model2 (randomized data processing times and sizes) Model1 Model2 Conclusion: Current configuration provides a possibility to run daily the complete set of jobs at 6 centers with the WAN bandwidth 30 MBps and the network parameters not exceeding the estimate of 2005

34. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools

35. CHEP2000 07 Feb 2000 Modeling Regional Centers with MONARC simulation tools Overall Conclusions MONARC simulation tools are: u sophisticated enough to allow modeling of complex distributed analysis scenarios u simple enough to be used by non experts Initial modeling runs are alkready showing interestung results Future work will help identify bottlenecks and understand constraints on architectures