1. Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Chapter 5 Health Care Systems in the World

2. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Health Care Systems in the World International health and health care Global society Global responsibility

3. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 International Health and Health Promotion Health Promotion Role of Primary Health Care

4. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Types of International Health Organizations Private voluntary organizations Philanthropic foundations Private organizations Official international health organizations Intergovernmental organizations United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund

5. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 World Health Organization (WHO) Attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health Promotion of mental and physical health

6. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Major Functions of the WHO Monitoring global disease incidence and prevalence Establishing international health standards Monitors environmental pollution Sponsors medical and health care education programs Enhancing environmental hygiene Promoting mental health

7. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Works with all countries of the Americas Promotes the health of the people Raises the standard of living of the people Functions  Identifies public health hazards  Distributes epidemiologic information

8. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 International Nursing Organizations International Council of Nurses (ICN)  Represents nurses in more than 120 countries  Goal “quality nursing care for all” Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)  Goal “improving the health of people worldwide”  Recognize excellence in practice, education, research and leadership

9. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Health Systems: Global Perspective WHO performance indicators  Overall level of population health  Health inequalities within the population  Health system responsiveness  Distribution of health system responsiveness  Health system’s financial burden

10. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Best Overall Health Care (ranked by WHO) 1.France 2.Italy 3.Spain 4.Oman 5.Austria Untied States ranks 37 th out of 191 countries

11. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Health Sector Reform Why it is needed? Diverse health needs of populations Incorporate rapid technological advances Manage health care costs Consumer dissatisfaction Disparities in access to health care

12. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 United Kingdom’s Health System National Health Service Supported by individual and corporate taxes Services include  General medicine  Disability  Surgery  Rehabilitation

13. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 United Kingdom Health Services Emphasis on providing cost-effective services Disease prevention and health promotion Increased utilization of community-based care Shift away from acute care institutions

14. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Australia’s Health Care System Government provides basic health care services Shift to community-based care Decreased utilization of acute-care services Need for efficient and cost-effective care

15. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Australia’s Health Care System (cont.) National health insurance 69.1% of funding comes from the Government Government involvement in health care  Commonwealth (federal) government – funding  States (territories) – direct provision of health services  Local government – environmental control & community/home-based services

16. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Australia’s Health Care System (cont.) Private sector involvement in health care  Health insurance (to supplement basic coverage)  Health care providers Financial fairness

17. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Canada’s Health Care System National health insurance Publicly financed, privately delivered system Funded by taxes

18. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Canada’s health care system is based on the following principles Universality Comprehensiveness Accessibility Portability Public administration

19. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Characteristics of Canada’s Health Care System Provinces or territories manage and deliver health services Reliance on primary care physicians Controlled access to specialists Supplementary health services are privately financed

20. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Trends In Canadian Health Care Community-based care Cost-efficient care Health promotion Quality of care Health care is a right

21. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Russia’s Health Care System Pre-1991 Government-run system Low national priority for health care Rationing of health care services

22. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Russia’s Health Care System Post-1991 Government-run system Low priority for health care Rationing of health care services Differential access to care

23. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 5 Implications for the Future Cross-cultural collaboration Rapidly changing world environment Global approach Health for All