1. Chapter 25, Section 2

2. A Powerful Partnership  Roosevelt Came from a wealthy, well connected family Married his cousin Eleanor Roosevelt Served as Assistant Secretary of the navy 1921 struck with polio, leaving his legs paralyzed ○ Taught him patience and courage ○ Able to walk with heavy leg braces and crutches

3. Pledging a New Deal  FDR charmingly promised to help the jobless, poor farmers and the elderly. Defeated Hoover by a landslide

4. Call to action  American welcomed any change, since Hoover’s approach had failed

5. Expert Advisers  Turned to a number of college professors who were experts on economic issues, nicknamed the Brain Trust

6. The Hundred Days  Urged his staff to take a method and try it, if it fails admit it and try another

7. Restoring faith in Banks  Many banks had closed Depositors had withdrawn savings People hid their money under the mattress or buried it in the backyard

8. Restoring faith in Banks  2 nd day in office FDR declared a “bank holiday” closing every bank in the country for eight days

9. Restoring faith in Banks  Asked Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act:  Emergency Banking Relief Act: only banks with enough money to meet depositors demand could reopen. Others had to stay closed  FDR spoke to Americans by radio explain it was safer to keep money in a reopened bank then under their mattress.

10. Fireside Chats  FDR gave 30 radio speeches while in office He spoke from a chair near a fireplace in the White House Families gathered around their radios to listen Felt FDR understood them

11. A flood of legislation  Hundred Days: Between March 9 and June 1933 Congress passed 15 major new laws

12. A flood of legislation  New Deal: FDR’s plan for economic recovery  3 main goals  Relief for the unemployed  Plans for recovery  Reforms to prevent another depression

13. Relief for the Unemployed  13 million Americans were out of work

14. Relief for the Unemployed  CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps Hired unemployed single men between 18 and 25 Payed $1 per day Planted trees, built bridges, flood control projects, developed new parks Conserved natural resources and gave jobs to young people

15. Relief for the Unemployed  FERA: Federal Emergency Relief Administration Gave federal money to state and local agencies to distribute to the unemployed

16. Relief for the Unemployed  WPA: Works Progress Administration Put jobless to work building hospitals, schools, parks, playgrounds, and airports Hired artists, actors, writers, and composers ○ Painted murals on public buildings, wrote about American life

17. Programs to Promote Recovery  Called for programs that greatly increased the government role in the economy

18. Programs to Promote Recovery  Codes for industry Drew up plans to control production, stabilize prices, and keep workers on the job NIRA: National Industrial Recovery Act Each industry must write codes for production, wages, prices, and working conditions NRA: National Recovery Administration To enforce NIRA codes

19. Programs to Promote Recovery  PWA: Public Works Administration  Set up by the NIRA  Promoted recovery by hiring workers for thousands of projects

20. Programs to Promote Recovery  Programs for farmers Overproduction remained the main problem Surplus kept prices and farmers incomes low

21. Programs to Promote Recovery  AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Act Government paid farmers not to grow certain crops and to plow surplus under the soil and dispose of surplus to cows and pigs Americans were outraged

22. Programs to Promote Recovery  Electricity for rural Americans REA: Rural Electrification Act ○ Loaned money to extend electric lines to rural areas

23. Reforms for the Long Term  Prevent another depression 1. Laws regulating the stock market 2. Reforming the banking system

24. Reforms for the Long Term  FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Company Insured saving accounts in the banks approved by the government If an FDIC bank failed the government would make sure depositors received their money

25. A Bold Experiment  Tennessee Valley Authority: TVA Remake the Tennessee River Valley 40 damns in 7 states to control flooding ○ Damns also produced electric power ○ Planted forests to conserve soil ○ Developed fertilizers ○ Set up schools and health centers