1. Implementation Transit Priority System and Mobile Internet Passenger System in the City of Los Angeles Kang Hu and Chun Wong City of Los Angeles Department of Transportation Presentation at the ITS America’s 2007 Annual Meeting June 4, 2007

2. Page 1 Metro Rapid System Map

3. Page 2 Metro Rapid Program 4 new lines per year Completed Metro Rapid lines (17 corridors) o Wilshire-Whittier o Ventura o South Broadway o Vermont o Florence o Van Nuys o Crenshaw o Soto o Vernon-La Cienega o Hawthorne o Hollywd-Fairfax-Pasadena o Beverly o Lincoln o Western o Reseda o Santa Monica o Long Beach

4. Page 3 Metro Rapid Program Future Rapid Lines o Sepulveda (north) o Central o San Fernando-Lankershim o Pico o West Olympic o Garvey-Chavez o Manchester o San Fernando (south) o Sepulveda (south) o Torrance-Long Beach With a goal of 27 corridors by end of 2008

5. Page 4 Metro Orange Line Busway

6. Page 5 Metro Orange Line Balboa Station

7. Page 6 LADOT’s Transit Priority System (TPS) A centralized signal priority system Fully integrated with the City’s Adaptive Traffic Control System (ATCS) Reduce bus delays at signalized intersections with minimal impacts on cross streets – “smart” priority Provide real-time bus arrival information Track bus performance throughout the system

8. TPS Physical Architecture

9. Page 8 Bus Detection Selected loop-transponder based on field tests of 3 different technologies Inductive loops placed in the roadway serve as antennas to receive bus transponder identification code Advance (check-in) detector just past upstream bus stop Release (check-out) detector just prior to limit line or within the intersection

10. Page 9 Bus Transponder Transponder

11. Page 10 Street Embedded Loop Sensor

12. Page 11 Sensor Card

13. Page 12 Model 2070 Traffic Controller

14. Page 13 Bus Priority Operation EARLY GREEN - Phase is started earlier than normal to minimize delays to stopped or approaching buses GREEN EXTENSION - Phase continues past normal endpoint to help buses pass through critical intersections PHASE HOLD - Phase held in green until bus arrives, typically used for left turns.

15. Page 14 Normal Cycle

16. Page 15 Early Green Cycle

17. Page 16 Green Extension Cycle

18. Page 17 Central System Architecture 2070 Controller Comm. Network TPS Server (Transit Priority Manager) LAN/WAN TPS Workstation Sensor Input Sensor Input Sensor Input Database Web Server

19. Page 18 LADOT’S ATSAC Control Center

20. Page 19 MTA’S Bus Dispatch Center Monitor bus performance Radio communication with bus operators Real time bus data provided by LADOT ATSAC video & camera control access

21. Page 20 TPS Map Client Software

22. Page 21 TPS Real-Time Data Collection Signal Priority Real-time Graphical Displays Real-time Data Logging Transit Report And Query (iTRAQ) Web Server Transit Priority Manager (TPM)

23. Page 22 iTRAQ Web Interface

24. Page 23

25. Page 24 TPS Reports

26. Page 25 Bus Travel Time Analysis

27. Page 26 TPS Performance Benefits Analyzed more than 2000 bus trips and run time data along the corridors The Metro Rapid Buses achieved a 25% reduction in total travel time Transit Priority System alone contributed to 30% of the total travel time saving Bus delays at signalized intersections were reduced by 33-39% Minimal impacts on cross street traffic

28. Page 27 Impacts on Cross Traffic Average of 1 second per vehicle per cycle increase in delay to the cross traffic Change was measured over three time periods: AM, midday and PM peaks The Level of Service did not change as a result of the Transit Priority System At some locations timing was changed to provide additional cross street green time

29. Page 28 Passenger Information System Developed by LADOT Based on bus detection Uses actual travel time Accurate to 1 min

30. Page 29 Mobile Internet Passenger Systems (MIPS)

31. Page 30 Mobile Internet Passenger Systems www.rapidbus.net

32. Page 31

33. Page 32 Lessons Learned Start with a demonstration project first before full implementation Use proven technologies and keep it simple Design to minimize impacts on cross street traffic Do not underestimate the local controller software work and the interface with existing traffic control systems Be ready to compromise on bus stop locations