1. Warm-up What have we learned about that will inspire revolution? What have we learned about that will inspire revolution? What three things might inspire the people of Latin America to rebel against the Spanish colonizers in the 1800s? What three things might inspire the people of Latin America to rebel against the Spanish colonizers in the 1800s?

2. Independence Movements in Latin America The ideas and examples of the American and French Revolutions motivated the people of L.A. to establish independent nations.

4. Country Leader of Movement Description & Outcome Haiti Toussaint L’Ouverture (former slave) 1804: Slaves in Haiti rebelled Slaves in Haiti rebelled Abolished slavery Abolished slavery Won independence Won independence *Mexico Miguel Hidalgo (Catholic priest) 1821: Ignited uprising of poor Mexicans (Indians and mixed ancestry) against Spanish ruling class Ignited uprising of poor Mexicans (Indians and mixed ancestry) against Spanish ruling class End to slavery and exploitation of native people End to slavery and exploitation of native people Hidalgo executed before independence was achieved but sparked the movement Hidalgo executed before independence was achieved but sparked the movement

5. *Venezuela & Colombia Simon Bolivar (el Libertador) 1810: Began campaign here in Venezuela Began campaign here in Venezuela Influenced by Rousseau to rebel against royalty, Influenced by Rousseau to rebel against royalty, Supported a constitutional monarchy, Supported a constitutional monarchy, Hoped to unite with Venezuela and Colombia (Gran Colombia) Hoped to unite with Venezuela and Colombia (Gran Colombia) Gran Colombia broke into various nations starting in 1828 Gran Colombia broke into various nations starting in 1828 *Argentina, Chile, Peru Jose de San Martin 1816: 1816: Began campaign in Argentina Began campaign in Argentina Fought northward until turning over command to Bolivar in 1822 Fought northward until turning over command to Bolivar in 1822 *Brazil Prince Pedro (Son of Prince Regent Joao) 1822: Father brought money and followers from Portugal to escape Napoleon--went back to Portugal Father brought money and followers from Portugal to escape Napoleon--went back to Portugal Pedro (son) supported revolutionaries Pedro (son) supported revolutionaries Support from Britain kept Brazil united Support from Britain kept Brazil united

6. Monroe Doctrine: What caused Monroe to issue it? Latin American in 1700– colonial powers

7. Monroe Doctrine 1823 Issued by American President James Monroe Issued by American President James Monroe L.A. nations were acknowledged as independent L.A. nations were acknowledged as independent Asserted that the Western Hemisphere was not to be further colonized by European countries Asserted that the Western Hemisphere was not to be further colonized by European countries 1. 1. The American continents should be considered “closed” to all European countries: No more colonization in Western hemisphere! 2. 2. Nations in the Western hemisphere are different from those in the Eastern: republics vs. monarchies 3. If Europe tries in any way to interfere with the affairs of the Western hemisphere, the U.S. will consider this a serious and personal threat 4. In return, the U.S. won’t mess with Europe!

8. Why the Monroe Doctrine? Primary Objective: to free the newly independent colonies of L.A. from European intervention and control