1. Greek Philosophers “Lovers of Wisdom”

2. Basic Assumptions Universe is orderly and subject to absolute and unchanging laws Universe is orderly and subject to absolute and unchanging laws People can understand these laws through logic and reason People can understand these laws through logic and reason

3. Socrates (469-399 B.C.) Fought in the Pelopponesian War Fought in the Pelopponesian War Inherited money Inherited money Great Teacher Great Teacher Used question and answer approach Used question and answer approach

4. Socrates (469-399 B.C.) Controversial figure Controversial figure Examined peoples moral assumptions Examined peoples moral assumptions Criticized Athenian democracy Criticized Athenian democracy

5. Trial of Socrates Put on trial at age 70 Put on trial at age 70 Charged with: Charged with:  Not believing in the gods the state believed in  Introducing New Divine Powers  Corrupting the young Convicted and sentenced to death. Convicted and sentenced to death.

6. Plato (427-347 B.C.) Socrates’ pupil Socrates’ pupil Established the Academy Established the Academy The Republic The Republic His vision of a perfectly run government His vision of a perfectly run government Ideal society has three classes Ideal society has three classes

7. Plato’s Republic  Philosopher-king governs. Person with greatest insight and intellect.  Guardians keep order and defend the city  Ordinary citizens: farmers, merchants, and craftworkers who provide society’s needs

8. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) Plato’s student Plato’s student Opened a rival school: the Lyceum Opened a rival school: the Lyceum Most famous work is Politics Most famous work is Politics

9. Aristotle’s Politics “Man is a rational animal” who is happy when his life is governed by reason. “Man is a rational animal” who is happy when his life is governed by reason. The main purpose of government is to ensure the happiness of its people. The main purpose of government is to ensure the happiness of its people. Favored a constitutional government in which all citizens participate. Favored a constitutional government in which all citizens participate.

10. Aristotle’s Politics “I believe in the rule of laws, not men”. Government must be based on laws that are written down. “I believe in the rule of laws, not men”. Government must be based on laws that are written down. He feared class warfare between the rich and the poor. He feared class warfare between the rich and the poor. The constitution should balance the interests of both groups. The constitution should balance the interests of both groups.