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Legacy of the Ancient Greeks
Parthenon in Athens, Greece
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Classical Age of Greece (700 – 323 B.C.E)
Importance: Produced a political, cultural & philosophical movement which was a key foundation for Western Civilization | | 700 B.C.E. 2009 C.E. 1 C.E. Timeline (B.C.E. = before common era)
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Greek Empire: comprised of city-states
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Reading: Legacy of Ancient Greece
Aristocrat Monarchy Mercantile Class
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Term Set Format Got Importance?
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What is a Philosopher? A philosopher studies the world & human nature to find “truth” by using reason & logic. Knowledge Wisdom Aware of facts/data The ability to discern or judge what is true, right, or lasting; deep insight. Example: “We can’t solve problems with same kind of thinking we used to create them”
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3 Greek Philosophers who: Respected human intelligence
faith in the individual Attempted to “seek truth "by using “reason & logic” to study nature Writings were often in argument or dialogue form Socrates B.C.E. Plato B.C.E. Aristotle B.C.E.
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Rafael: School of Athens 1508
Medieval Art Rafael: School of Athens
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Plato & Democracy Reading
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Philosopher Kings What is virtue? What is a benevolent ruler?
What are values? Socrates B.C.E. Plato B.C.E. Aristotle B.C.E.
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The Trial of Socrates Video: Road to Democracy DVD Scene #10 minutes long
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Primary Source: Aristotle Reading
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Road to Democracy Solon introduces limited democracy to Athens (600BC)
created 4 classes of citizens (based on wealth not heredity) only 1/10th of country considered “citizens” Cleisthenes advances democracy (500BC) attempted to break up the power of nobility created “council of 500” to propose new laws Pericles introduces direct democracy (450BC) his rule known as Greek’s “Golden Age”
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Direct Democracy vs. Republic
Video: Road to Democracy DVD Scene 4
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Primary Source: Pericles Reading
Greek Ruler 495 – 429 BC
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Greek Legacy Considered foundation of Western Civilization
Developed Direct Democracy Empowered the “individual” citizen Advanced art, philosophy & science Promoted a meritocracy vs. aristocracy Developed 3-branches of Government Heavily influenced the Roman Empire
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The fall of the Greek Empire 700 – 323 B.C.E
Golden Age of Greece under Pericles Athens reigned supreme during period City-States/Geography made empire difficult to unite Sparta vs. Athens in constant conflict 408 BCE Spartans seek Persian help to fight Athens Sparta wins but empire greatly weakened Sparta disbands Delian League (404 BCE)
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The Fall of Democracy 383-323 BCE
Macedonia in Northern Greece establishes dominance & establishes a monarchy under King Phillip II Alexander the Great (Phillip’s son) greatly expands empire & rules until his death (323 BCE)
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Plato’s Republic Reading
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Sparta Legacy vs. Athens Legacy
Sparta had military supremacy but left little of lasting cultural significance Athens was eventually defeated by Sparta, but left a cultural legacy that influenced Western Civilization for 2,500 years!
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