1. Getting to Net Zero Energy or Carbon Neutral Buildings in the Pacific Northwest June 20, 2012

2. How did we get here and what’s next for the Seattle building industry. How did we get here and what’s next for the Seattle building industry. Critical factors to consider in the Seattle Climate for Net-Zero capable commercial buildings. Critical factors to consider in the Seattle Climate for Net-Zero capable commercial buildings. Lessons Learned from Case Studies of low energy buildings. Lessons Learned from Case Studies of low energy buildings. Presentation Objectives

3. The building industry was transformed by LEED and the Green Building movement

4. The region’s focus has shifted to aggressive energy use reductions targets

5. EUI (kBtu/sf-yr or kWh/sf-yr)

6. The Progress of Architecture in Seattle

7. SeaFirst Building 1969; EUI ~ 100-150 kBtu/sf-yr

8. Seattle City Hall 2003; EUI ~ 75 kBtu/sf-yr

9. Alley 24 2007, EUI ~ 50 kBtu/sf-yr

10. The Terry Thomas 2008; EUI ~ 46 kBtu/sf-yr

11. How Far Have We Really Come? 46 kBtu / ft 2 -yr30 kBtu / ft 2 -yr 18912008

12. "We shall not cease from exploring, and the end of our exploring will be to arrive where we started and know the place for the first time." ~T.S. Eliot

13. Net-Zero Energy Reality Check Current PV Technology in Seattle ~12 kWh/sf-yr or 41 kBtu/sf-yr Two-Story Building Solar Budget ~21 kBtu/sf-yr

14. CBECS Avg Office Energy End-Uses* ~21 kBtu/sf-yr Total Solar Budget for 2-Story Building * EIA 2003 National Survey

15. Local High Performance Buildings

16. AIA 2030 Challenge Target 70% Reduction to EUI~28

17. Local High Performance Buildings Net Zero Energy Target EUI~21

18. Sensitivity Analysis Research

19. Different players affect building performance, but to what degree? Staffing Controls Maintenance Commissioning Layout Integration Installation Components & Features Computers Equipment Schedule Habits

20. Sensitivity Analysis Through Modeling NREL medium office prototype used as Baseline Modeled High, Low, & Base for Envelope Lighting HVAC Operations Occupancy Other

21. Measure Impacts in Seattle

22. Air Tightness Leaky Airtight

23. Envelope Insulation Existing ASHRAE 189 ASHRAE 90.1

24. HVAC System VAV RTU GSHP Single Zone PRTU

25. Thermostat Controls 74°F Cool, 72°F Heat, No Setback 80°F Cool, 68°F Heat, Night Setback 76°F Cool, 70°F Heat, Night Setback

26. Seattle is a Heating Climate Typical Balance Point 65°F : 75% heating hours Super-Insulated Balance Point 45°F: 30% heating hours

27. Seattle is a Heating Climate 60% Reduction in Space Conditioning Energy

28. How Low Can You Go? Recent Ecotope Case Studies

29. The Beardmore. Priest River, ID EUI = 34

30. Heat Pumps for HVAC EUI = 34

31. That Was Easy EUI = 34

32. NW Maritime Center. Port Townsend, WA EUI = 30

33. Titanium Ocean Source Heat Exchanger EUI = 30

34. Natural Ventilation & Daylighting EUI = 30

35. Fire Station 72. Issaquah, WA EUI = 25

36. Performance of Local Fire Stations

37. Geothermal Heat Pumps for Space Heating and DHW EUI = 25

38. Solar DHW, PV, Heat Recovery EUI = 25

39. Rice Fergus Miller Office. Bremerton, WA EUI = 21

40. Now What?

41. RFM’s Performance & Sustainability Goals A healthy place to work 50% Potable Water Reduction Engage Local Contractors / Artisans Give real data back to the design community Quantify the bottom line Design a NetZero (ready) Building

42. LEED Platinum EUI = 21

43. Roof: 9,000 sf PV Output: 100 kW, 110,000 kWh/yr Energy Budget: ~18 kBtu/sf-yr The site’s “solar budget” informed the design

44. Load Reduction Measures 1.Design for Off 2.Super-Insulation 3.VRF Heat Pumps 4.Hybrid Ventilation System (ERV / Operables) 5.Eliminate Simultaneous Heating & Cooling

45. NO Heat/Cool for 70% of the year! ERV Only (29%) Passive Mode: NO HVAC (42%) VRF Heat+ERV (22%) VRF Cool+ERV (7%)

46. Super-Insulated Envelope

47. UA Budget - 0.1 UA/sf

48. Total UA = 2665 Btuh/sf-°F Heating Load* ~ 12 tons (1350 sf/ton) Cooling Load* ~ 22 Tons (850 sf/Ton) * Including Ventilation

49. VRF Heat Pump

50. VRF Heat Pump Efficiency Curve

51. Fan Coil Energy Use

52. Fan Energy Load Reduction: Ceiling Fans vs. Ducts to Move Air

53. Potable Water Savings of 70% 30% Low-Flow Fixtures, 40% Rainwater

54. Solar PV: WA made Array, 9.3 kW

55. End Use Reductions

56. Occupant Feedback Dashboard (Hourly, Daily, Monthly) March 5 th …………..…………………………….…………….March 22 nd, 2012

57. How Much Did it Cost?

58. Cost Comparison ($/sf)

59. Construction Costs breakdown ($/sf)

60. Incentives & Financing $50k PSE prescriptive incentive $2k/month for 24 mo. $40k WA Made Solar ~ $5000/yr till at least yr 2020 Green Building Appraisal

61. Occupant Feedback: Priceless

62. Questions ? jheller@ecotope.com