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Getting to Net Zero Energy or Carbon Neutral Buildings in the Pacific Northwest June 20, 2012
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How did we get here and what’s next for the Seattle building industry. How did we get here and what’s next for the Seattle building industry. Critical factors to consider in the Seattle Climate for Net-Zero capable commercial buildings. Critical factors to consider in the Seattle Climate for Net-Zero capable commercial buildings. Lessons Learned from Case Studies of low energy buildings. Lessons Learned from Case Studies of low energy buildings. Presentation Objectives
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The building industry was transformed by LEED and the Green Building movement
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The region’s focus has shifted to aggressive energy use reductions targets
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EUI (kBtu/sf-yr or kWh/sf-yr)
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The Progress of Architecture in Seattle
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SeaFirst Building 1969; EUI ~ 100-150 kBtu/sf-yr
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Seattle City Hall 2003; EUI ~ 75 kBtu/sf-yr
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Alley 24 2007, EUI ~ 50 kBtu/sf-yr
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The Terry Thomas 2008; EUI ~ 46 kBtu/sf-yr
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How Far Have We Really Come? 46 kBtu / ft 2 -yr30 kBtu / ft 2 -yr 18912008
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"We shall not cease from exploring, and the end of our exploring will be to arrive where we started and know the place for the first time." ~T.S. Eliot
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Net-Zero Energy Reality Check Current PV Technology in Seattle ~12 kWh/sf-yr or 41 kBtu/sf-yr Two-Story Building Solar Budget ~21 kBtu/sf-yr
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CBECS Avg Office Energy End-Uses* ~21 kBtu/sf-yr Total Solar Budget for 2-Story Building * EIA 2003 National Survey
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Local High Performance Buildings
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AIA 2030 Challenge Target 70% Reduction to EUI~28
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Local High Performance Buildings Net Zero Energy Target EUI~21
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Sensitivity Analysis Research
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Different players affect building performance, but to what degree? Staffing Controls Maintenance Commissioning Layout Integration Installation Components & Features Computers Equipment Schedule Habits
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Sensitivity Analysis Through Modeling NREL medium office prototype used as Baseline Modeled High, Low, & Base for Envelope Lighting HVAC Operations Occupancy Other
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Measure Impacts in Seattle
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Air Tightness Leaky Airtight
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Envelope Insulation Existing ASHRAE 189 ASHRAE 90.1
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HVAC System VAV RTU GSHP Single Zone PRTU
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Thermostat Controls 74°F Cool, 72°F Heat, No Setback 80°F Cool, 68°F Heat, Night Setback 76°F Cool, 70°F Heat, Night Setback
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Seattle is a Heating Climate Typical Balance Point 65°F : 75% heating hours Super-Insulated Balance Point 45°F: 30% heating hours
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Seattle is a Heating Climate 60% Reduction in Space Conditioning Energy
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How Low Can You Go? Recent Ecotope Case Studies
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The Beardmore. Priest River, ID EUI = 34
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Heat Pumps for HVAC EUI = 34
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That Was Easy EUI = 34
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NW Maritime Center. Port Townsend, WA EUI = 30
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Titanium Ocean Source Heat Exchanger EUI = 30
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Natural Ventilation & Daylighting EUI = 30
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Fire Station 72. Issaquah, WA EUI = 25
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Performance of Local Fire Stations
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Geothermal Heat Pumps for Space Heating and DHW EUI = 25
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Solar DHW, PV, Heat Recovery EUI = 25
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Rice Fergus Miller Office. Bremerton, WA EUI = 21
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Now What?
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RFM’s Performance & Sustainability Goals A healthy place to work 50% Potable Water Reduction Engage Local Contractors / Artisans Give real data back to the design community Quantify the bottom line Design a NetZero (ready) Building
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LEED Platinum EUI = 21
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Roof: 9,000 sf PV Output: 100 kW, 110,000 kWh/yr Energy Budget: ~18 kBtu/sf-yr The site’s “solar budget” informed the design
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Load Reduction Measures 1.Design for Off 2.Super-Insulation 3.VRF Heat Pumps 4.Hybrid Ventilation System (ERV / Operables) 5.Eliminate Simultaneous Heating & Cooling
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NO Heat/Cool for 70% of the year! ERV Only (29%) Passive Mode: NO HVAC (42%) VRF Heat+ERV (22%) VRF Cool+ERV (7%)
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Super-Insulated Envelope
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UA Budget - 0.1 UA/sf
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Total UA = 2665 Btuh/sf-°F Heating Load* ~ 12 tons (1350 sf/ton) Cooling Load* ~ 22 Tons (850 sf/Ton) * Including Ventilation
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VRF Heat Pump
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VRF Heat Pump Efficiency Curve
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Fan Coil Energy Use
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Fan Energy Load Reduction: Ceiling Fans vs. Ducts to Move Air
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Potable Water Savings of 70% 30% Low-Flow Fixtures, 40% Rainwater
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Solar PV: WA made Array, 9.3 kW
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End Use Reductions
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Occupant Feedback Dashboard (Hourly, Daily, Monthly) March 5 th …………..…………………………….…………….March 22 nd, 2012
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How Much Did it Cost?
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Cost Comparison ($/sf)
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Construction Costs breakdown ($/sf)
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Incentives & Financing $50k PSE prescriptive incentive $2k/month for 24 mo. $40k WA Made Solar ~ $5000/yr till at least yr 2020 Green Building Appraisal
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Occupant Feedback: Priceless
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Questions ? jheller@ecotope.com
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