1. GeneGenbank NumberSequences GFPU55762 Sense: 5’-GUU CAG CGU GUC CGG CGA GTT Antisense: 5’-CUC GCC GGA CAC GCU GAA CTT Rat TLR2NM_198769 Sense: 5’-GGA UCU UGA UGG CUG UGA UTT Antisense: 5’-AUC ACA GCC AUC AAG AUC CTT Rat TLR4NM_019178.1 Sense: 5’-GCA UAG AGG UAC UUC CUA ATT Antisense: 5’-UUA GGA AGU ACC UCU AUG CTT siRNA sequences of green fluorescent protein (GFP), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) Supplement 1

2. Supplement 2. GFP-positive cells after pipette-based electroporation. After transfection of 1  g pEGFP-C1 DNA (Clontech) into 5x10 5 INS-1 cells using a pipette type-electroporator, the cells were further incubated for 48 h. The transfected cells were observed under phase contrast microscope (a) and fluorescent microscope (b) (A). Transfection efficiency was determined by counting GFP-positive fluorescent cells from total cells (B). Total Cells GFP-positive Cells B A a b Supplement 2

3. Genes Primer sequence (5’  3’) Annealing Temp (°C) Cycle Length TLR-2 (F) GGG ATA CAG GCC GTC AAG AC (R) CAG GAG CAG ATG AAA TGG TTG T 5835 278 TLR-4 (F) CGC TCT GGC ATC ATC TTC AT (R) CTC CTC AGG TCA AAG TTG TTG C 5535 232 Cyclophilin (F) CCA AAG ACA GCA GAA AAC TT (R) GAA ATT AGA GTT GTC CAC AG 5525 403 Primer sequences and reaction conditions for semi-quantitative RT-PCR Supplement 3

4. 0 0.5 4 8 12 16 (h) actin IBIB T-JNK P-JNK PA + Deltametrin A Del (  M): 0 0.01 0.1 1 0 0.01 0.1 1 PA * * DNA fragmentation (OD) B Supplement 4 Supplement 4. Protective effect of calcinurin inhibitor deltametrin on palmitate-induced INS-1 cell death and augmentation effect of deltametrin on the palmitate-induced TLR downstream signaling pathway. (A) INS-1 cells were treated with 0.4 mM palmitate and 0.1  M deltametrin for the indicated times. Levels of phospho-JNK and I  B  were determined by immunoblotting analysis of total lysates with anti-phospho-JNK and anti-I  B  antibodies. (B) INS-1 cells were treated with 0.4 mM palmitate for 16 h in the presence of different concentrations of deltametrin. Cell death was determined by measurement of DNA fragmentation using Cell Death Detection ELISA kit. Data represent mean + SE from three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. absorbance from untreated INS-1 cells.