1. Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Kyoto and Beyond

2. Canada’s Kyoto Committments Committed to a 5.4% reduction from 1990 emissions levels by the 2008-2012 period Canada emitted approximately 601 megatonnes eCO 2 in 1990 BAU is projected to be 809 MT in 2010 This equates to a required reduction of 240 megatonnes from 2010 BAU

3. The Big Picture

4. Some numbers to think about

5. Gap - 240 MT 720 MT BAU - 809 MT Target - 569 MT Canada’s Kyoto Committments

6. Some questions…. From what sectors of the economy do these GHG emissions originate? What fuels are the most important in terms of GHG emissions? On a per capita basis, how ‘GHG’ intensive are Canadians (i.e amount of GHGs annually)? What ‘everyday’ activities lead to these emissions?

7. Emissions by Sector (MT of eCO 2 )

8. Emissions by Sector - Direct and Indirect Emissions - MT in 2004

9. Emission Intensity of Fuel

10. What is a GJ and what is a megatonne? A gigajoule is 1 billion joules, equal to 278 Kwh. More simply, this equals running 2,780 100 watt lightbulbs for 1 hour Each year Canada consumes nearly 9,500 PJs of energy (1 PJ = 1,000,000 GJ), the equivalent of leaving 157 billion 100 watt light bulbs on for one week

11. And a megatonne... A megatonne is a million tonnes One tonne is 1000 kilograms 1 kilogram is 100 grams One tonne of CO 2 would completely fill the inside of an ordinary house

12. Fuel Consumption in Canada

13. Per Capita Emissions If 720 MT of eCO2 emissions per year, 30 million people, then… Each person is responsible for 24 tonnes of eCO 2 a year! However, if only personal actions are included, this equals 5.4 tonnes/year. The main activities which lead to this which we can directly impact are: transportation, home energy services, and waste

14. Sources of Personal GHG Emissions in Canada

15. What actions can we take? What do you think are the best actions which both society and we as individuals could take to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions?

16. Canada’s Greenhouse Action Plan Three step process Step 1 - Actions already underway Canada has already spent $1.6 billion on climate change Total emissions reduced - 80 MT Step 2 - New actions Actions largely concentrated in transportation and industrial sectors Total expected reduction - 100 MT Step 3 - The Remainder Technological development, provicial cooperation and community action Total expected reduction - 60 MT

17. Canada’s Action Plan: Steps 1 & 2

18. Where we have come from...

19. New primary energy in Canada: 1970 -1990

20. The action plan for the residential sector Actions underway and proposed (goal - 8 MT) Improving EE of buildings (1.2 MT) EE evaluations (0.7 MT) Improving EE standards for equipment and appliances (1.6 MT) EE retrofit of 20% of housing (1.5 MT)

21. Emissions in the residential sector

22. Examples from the past: space heating

23. Examples from the past.. appliances

24. The action plan for the transportation sector Actions underway and proposed (goal - 21 MT) 25% improvement in new vehicle fuel efficiency (5.2 MT) Integrated planning to reduce urban transportation emissions (0.8 MT) Voluntary fuel efficiency improvements in air, rail, truck and marine sectors (2 MT) Increased ethanol blend to 35% of fuel mix (2 MT) Increased public transport (7 MT)

25. Emissions in the transportation sector

26. Fuel efficiency of transportation modes

27. How much CO 2 would result from a 50 km round trip commute? If vehicle is a mid sized car, perhaps 10 litres/100 km fuel efficient Therefore 5 litres per 50 km round trip 5 litres of gas equals 0.1645 GJ of energy in gas 0.1645 GJ equals 11 kgs of CO 2 (69 kgs CO 2 /GJ) Therefore, in one round trip of 50 km, this equals 11 kgs of CO 2. If this is done 240 times a year, this equals 2.6 tonnes of CO 2 !

28. The action plan for the electricity sector Actions underway and proposed (goal - 22.6 MT) incentive for wind power generation (2.8 MT) increased interprovincial trade and transmission (5.4 MT) 10% new generation from emerging renewable sources (3.9 MT) Clean coal technology (4.5 MT)

29. Emissions in the electricity sector

30. Emission intensity by province

31. What does this mean for the average family? In terms of appliance use...

32. Latest action in the news... Alberta Government to Buy 45% of Electricity From Green Producer 20 Year Contract Awarded to Canadian Hydro Developers

33. GHG Mitigation Initiatives: Electricity Sector

34. Carbon taxes - an economic instrument Carbon Taxes Objectives? Reduce emissions of CO 2 Create environmental beneficial incentives Equalize maringal cost across tax base Spur innovation Raise revenues How? CO 2 = (CO 2 /E)*(E/ES)*(ES/I)*(I/O)*O