1. Chapter 6 Forces In Motion
Section 1 – Gravity and Motion pp

2. Terms to Learn
Air resistance – the fluid friction that opposes the motion of objects through the air
Terminal velocity – the constant velocity of a falling object when the size of the upward force of air resistance matches the size of the downward force of gravity

3. Terms to Learn
Free fall – the condition an object is in when gravity is the only force acting on it
Projectile motion – the curved path an object follows when thrown or propelled near the surface of the Earth

4. All objects fall with the same acceleration
Objects fall to the ground at the same rate because the acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects.

5. ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
All objects accelerate toward earth at a rate of 9.8 m/s every second, no matter what the mass. This means that for every second an object falls, its downward velocity increases by 9.8 m/s.
Complete Math Focus
on p. 151

6. AIR RESISTANCE
Drop a feather and a coin. Which hits the ground first? Why?
Air resistance slows down the acceleration.

7. AIR RESISTANCE Air resistance is also known as fluid friction.
Air resistance depends on the size and shape of an object.
Air resistance slows down the acceleration of falling objects.

8. ACCELERATION Acceleration stops at the terminal velocity.
As long as the net force on a falling object is not zero (0), the object accelerates downward.
As the speed of the object increases, the amount of air resistance also increases.

9. ACCELERATION
As an object falls, the upward force of air resistance continues to increase until it matches the downward force of gravity (the net force is zero).
When this happens, the object stops accelerating, then falls at a constant velocity called the terminal velocity.

10. FREE FALL
Free fall only happens if gravity is the only force acting on an object.
It can only occur where there is no air (in a vacuum or in outer space).

11. FREE FALL
Sky divers are NOT in free fall because air resistance is always acting on them.
Orbiting objects are in free fall.

12. ORBITS AND ORBITING
An orbit is formed by combining forward motion and free fall.
Objects in orbit appear to be weightless because they are in free fall.

13. ORBITS AND ORBITING
A centripetal force is needed to keep objects in circular motion. Gravity acts as this centripetal force.

14. PROJECTILE MOTION
Projectile motion is the curved path an object follows when thrown or propelled near the surface of the Earth.

15. PROJECTILE MOTION Projectile motion has two components (parts):
1. horizontal
2. vertical
Gravity only affects the vertical motion of projectile motion
See Figure 9 on p. 155 of text.

16. EXAMPLES OF PROJECTILE MOTION