1. Directions: Answer each of these in a complete sentence! (re-stating the question)

2. 1)Describe the role the Fugitive Slave Act played in the increasing tensions between the North and the South. 2)Tell the story/background of Bleeding Kansas. 3)List and provide details for the 5 major political parties in the 1850’s.

3. Fugitive Slave Act – Northern states were now required to cooperate (there was a fugitive slave law before this, but the north did not follow it) Opposition grew out of the Fugitive Slave Act Resistance (done legally) 9 states passed personal liberty laws -Forbade imprisonment -Guaranteed a jury trial -Lawyers would drag out the trials to make it expensive for slave holders -Enraged southerners -“Uncle Tom’s Cabin” sparked more resistance Resistance (done illegally) -The Underground Railroad -Harriet Tubman led many slaves north (about 300) and none were caught -Tubman had a $40,000 bounty on her head -Some slaves feared they would be caught in the US and went to Canada

4. The Missouri Compromise established that there would be no slavery north of the 36*30’ line. Stephen Douglas introduced a bill to Congress that would repeal that portion of the law. Kansas-Nebraska Act called for 2 states to be formed out of the Nebraska territory and for slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty (in those new states) Violence in Kansas Settlers headed to Kansas by the hundreds. Emigrant aid societies supplied weapons, seeds, tools, etc to help new settlers. These groups were anti-slavery. Many from Missouri voted illegally in the elections in Kansas, which swayed the vote to be pro-slavery.

5. John Brown An abolitionist from Kansas believed that God called on him to fight slavery. On May 24 th, he and his followers pulled 5 men from their beds in a pro-slavery settlement (Pottawatomie Creek), chopped off their hands and stabbed them with swords. “The Pottawatomie Massacre” Bleeding Kansas When word spread about John Brown and the massacre, dozens of incidents broke out. John Brown fled Kansas, but not before some 200 people were killed. The Kansas Territory became known as “Bleeding Kansas”

6. Political PartyPolitical PlatformAchievements Whig (formed 1834) For modernization Increase power of Congress Economic protectionism Had 2 presidents -William Henry Harrison -Zachary Taylor Free Soil (formed 1848) Anti-slavery Against extending slavery into the territories Formed from Whig party when they fell 10% of popular vote in 1848 election Clear message = no slavery in the territories Know-Nothing (a.k.a. American Party) (formed 1854) Limit immigration Limit public offices to native born people Public teachers could only be Protestant Did well in the 1854 election Party fell due to a split on slavery issue

7. Political PartyPolitical PlatformAchievements Democrats (formed 1840) (was the D-R Party) States rights Strict interpretation of the Constitution Pro-slavery (after 1850) This was the party of Jefferson Strongest party after 1800 Many anti-slavery democrats left the party after 1850 Republicans (formed 1854) NO slavery in the territories Later on… Emancipation of slaves! Enjoyed wide-ranging support in the North Elected Abe Lincoln in 1860! Election of 1854 Republicans = John Fremont, Know Nothings = Millard Fillmore, Democrats = James Buchanan With 3 political parties, this election was very hard fought/close race. Democrats (Buchanan) won with 45% of the popular vote. Party politics was characterized by desertion and turmoil.