1. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

2. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Position of TCP in TCP/IP protocol suite

3. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 TCP TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, it creates a virtual connection between two TCPs to send data.TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, it creates a virtual connection between two TCPs to send data. TCP uses flow and error control mechanisms at the transport level.TCP uses flow and error control mechanisms at the transport level. It adds connection-oriented and reliability features to the services of IP.

4. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 TCP Services Process-to-Process Communication. Stream Delivery Service. Full-Duplex Communication. Connection-Oriented Service. Reliable Service.

5. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 TCP Services Process-to-Process Communication Like UDP, TCP provides process-to-process communication using port numbers.

6. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Well-known ports used by TCP

7. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 PROCESS TO PROCESS COMMUNICATION

8. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-2 TCP versus IP

9. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-3 Port numbers

10. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 TCP SERVICES 12.2

11. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-4 Stream delivery

12. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 TCP Services Stream Delivery Service ‘ Sending and receiving buffers’ TCP needs buffers for storage  the sending and the receiving processes may not write or read data at the same speed. There are the sending buffer and the receiving buffer, one for each direction. It is necessary for flow and error control mechanisms.

13. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-5 Sending and receiving buffers

14. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 TCP Services Stream Delivery Service ‘TCP segments’ The IP layer, as a service provider for TCP, needs to send data in packets, not as a stream of bytes. At the transport layer, TCP groups a number of bytes together into a packet called a segment. TCP adds a header to each segment (for control purposes) and delivers the segment to the IP layer for transmission. The segments are encapsulated in IP datagrams and transmitted. the segments are not necessarily the same size.

15. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-6 TCP segments

16. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 NUMBERING BYTES

17. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 The bytes of data being transferred in each connection are numbered by TCP. The numbering starts with a randomly generated number.

18. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Example 1 Suppose a TCP connection is transferring a file of 5,000 bytes. The first byte is numbered 10,001. What are the sequence numbers for each segment if data are sent in five segments, each carrying 1,000 bytes? Solution The following shows the sequence number for each segment:

19. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Solution

20. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 The value of the sequence number field in a segment defines the number of the first data byte contained in that segment.

21. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-7 Sender buffer

22. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-19 TCP segment format

23. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-20 Control field

24. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Urgent Pointer

25. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 TCP OPERATION

26. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-33 Encapsulation and decapsulation

27. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 12-34 Multiplexing and demultiplexing

28. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 TCP Connection In TCP, connection-oriented transmission requires three phases: 1.connection establishment. 2.data transfer. 3.and connection termination.

29. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 TCP Connection  Connection establishment: Three-way Handshaking

30. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Three-way Handshaking

31. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Three-way hand-shake

32. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Check Sum(TCP Header)