1. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review JRA-6 Mid-Term Report Filippo Maria Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team

2. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review JRA 6 in a Nutshell JRA-6 is entitled “Volume Phase Holographic Gratings” The following Contractors contribute to JRA-6: ESO European Southern Observatory (INT) IAC Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (E) INAF Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (I) Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (Coordinator) Politecnico di Milano (I) Diapartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Universitè de Liege (B) CSL Centre Spatial de Liege (ATHOL) Purpose of the JRA-6 is to enhance the applicability of VPHGs in Astronomical Instrumentation

3. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review VPHGs ?

4. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review VPHGs ? a “slice” of photosensitive material with n modulated by an interferometric pattern of fringes grooved in by holography. The PS-material is embedded in glass components, active or passive following the optical design, that can be AR- coated The orientation of the fringes determines the reflection or transmission behavior.

5. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Regular pattern of varying refractive media with scale-length of the same order as. Multiple reflection and diffraction in a multi-layer configuration VPHGs ?

6. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review VPHGs Efficiency Predicted via RCW-Theory - Commercial or custom codes (U-Mich – INAF-Brera). “Back of an envelope” estimates via the Kogelnick (1962) approximation There is a pair B,  2B for which maximum coherence/efficiency is reached For a given  * 2B minimum coherence/efficiency is reached for = B ± . This defines the BLAZE function B(,  * 2B ) If we scan the Bragg angle (e.g. rotating the VPHG) the maximum coherence/efficiency is reached at different values. This defines the SUPERBLAZE function SB( B,  2B ). Crucial Quantities VPHGs ?

7. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Blaze and superblaze are at some extent “tunable” in width and height to ones needs fiddling with  n and L VPHGs ?

8. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Photosensitive Material ? Baseline: Dichromated Gelatin PROs Very High Transmission in VIS-NIR Suited for (  n L) needed for gratings CONs Dirty Wet Chem Post-processing Higroscopic No redder than K-band THE limit to VPHGs performances VPHGs ?

9. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Relevance of VPHGs in Astronomy

10. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review VPHGs in Astronomy Efficiency Gain

11. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Easy Handling and Maintenance OPTICON- JRA6 VPHGs in Astronomy

12. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review As Grism in low resolution spec. Implemented: AFOSC@ ASIAGO 1.8 mt d.o.lo.re.s @ TNG 3.6 mt FORS@VLT 8.2 mt VIMOS@VLT 8.2 mt Planned: EFOSC@ESO 3.6 mt EMIR@GTC 10mt MUSE@VLT 8.2 mt XXX@EELT 42mt As Cross Disperser in HR spec. Planned: UVES@VLT 8.2 mt Espresso@VLT 8.2 mt CODEX@EELT 42mt As Core element in HR spec. Planned: SONG Project (0.8 mt) REM Telescope (0.6 mt) ……….. VPHGs in Astronomy

13. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Status “ANTE-OPTICON”

14. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review First fully functional prototype used at AAO (K.Taylor, G.Robertson) – 1997(8) Pioneering USA work under NSF grant at NOAO (Sam Barden) collaboration with Kaiser Optical (Jim Arns) -1997-2000 (single world producer at the time). Richard Rallison (Utah) steps into the market with cheap (but not always science-grade) devices – 1999 Chris Clemens hosts at UNC two “thinkshops” (1999 and 2000) to join efforts of the astronomical community toward the use of VPHGs Status “ANTE”

15. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Dimensions. First problem to solve. Kaiser Optical and Rallison max size 10 cm. Pupils of exisiting instruments 20 cm. ELTs pupils > 40 cm Players. Second problem to solve. As single HQ player on the market implies vendor dictates the rules Astronomy needs “outsourcer reactive to stimuli”, i.e. competition USA. Third “problem” to solve. The EU-USA competition (or “coopetition”) in Astronomy is high. USA technology is “not always” available to other countries Status “ANTE”

16. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Financial Contribution in “stocks” of 12.5 k€ entitling to receive 1 VPHG at wish Co-leaders Goal:Creation of a pole (spin-off) to produce large size Astronomical VPGHs in Europe Status “ANTE”

17. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review ATHOL Partner of JRA-6 through ULG Status “ANTE”

18. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review JRA-6 Goals and Timeline

19. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review JRA-6 Goals Selected Areas of research IR VPHGs: Enable VPHGs technology in the NIR (1-2.5 microns) regime in cryogenic instruments. UV VPHGs: Enable VPHGs technology in the UV (300-450 nm) regime with particular attention to cross dispersers. DCG Replacement: Look for a replacement of the DCG as photosensitive element. Non-traditional Configurations: Enhance the applicability of “traditional” VPHGs.

20. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review JRA-6 programme (OPTICON Contract Annex 1) is aimed to: WP2 - Fabrication of fully functional VPHGs working at cryogenic (77 k) temperature and optimized for IR (1-2.5 µm) wavelengths WP3 - Improved perfromances VPHGs at visible wavelengths with attention to cross-dispersion, tuneability of the resolution, FPA filling. WP4 - Fabrication of the first laboratory-level re-writeable VPHG based on photochromic polymers. Added at Kick-off (as re-destribution of WP workload): WP5 – Fabrication of fully functional VPHGs working at UV (300- 450 nm) wavelengths with special care to cross-dispersion. JRA-6 Goals

21. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review JRA-6 general (for each WP) milestones scheme: Definition of a prototype characteristics Fabrication of the prototoype Analysis and characterization of the prototype Definition of the final deliverable characteristics Production of the final deliverable Analysis and characterization of the final deliverable Final product dossier editing. JRA-6 detailed milestones scheme (Annex I of OPTICON Contract) 6 milestones (M1-M6) specializing the above scheme to each WP JRA-6 Goals

22. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review 6m12m18m24m30m36m42m48m54m60m WP1D1 WP2M1M2M3M4M5M6D1 WP3M1M2M3M4M5M6D1 WP4M1M2M3M4M5M6D1 WP5M1M2M3M4M5M6D1 Prototyping PhaseFinal deliverable Phase JRA-6 Goals

23. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review WP-2 IR VPHGs

24. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Prototype IR-J1Prototype IR-H1Prototype IR-K1 Substrate material IR-Fused silica. Substrate dimensions 100x100x10 mm Clear apertureØ35 mm Line density1156.78867.52646.68 Operating range1100 – 1400 nm1500 – 1800 nm2000 – 2400 nm Efficiency >40% at 1100 nm >90% at 1250 nm >40% at 1400 nm >50% at 1500 nm >90% at 1650 nm >40% at 1800 nm >50% at 2000 nm >90% at 2200 nm >40% at 2400 nm AR Coatingsnone Wavefront error /2 WP-2 Prototype Definition

25. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Prototype Manufacturing WP-2

26. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Specific Setup built WP-2

27. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Efficiency WP-2

28. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Higher Order Contamination WP-2

29. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review WP-2

30. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review small grating: 95% efficient at 633 nm, Bragg 25°. WP-2

31. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Ongoing Activity Full Cryo-analysis of specific IR prototypes (delayed). Definition of Science Grade devices characteristics. Procurement of the substrates for the Science Grade devices. Planned Activity Manufacturing of the Science Grade Devices Characterization of the Science Grade Devices WP-2

32. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review WP3 Non Traditional Configurations

33. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review A) VPHG-based Tunable narow-band FIlter B) Multiple trace VPHG HR spectrograph WP-3

34. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Tunable Filters WP-3

35. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review HR Spec. WP-3

36. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Double Pass UV Cross Disperser WP-3 & WP-5

37. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Ongoing Activity Construction of the Mechanical parts of HR spec. (delayed) Definition of specific VPHGs for the Tunable Filter Procurement of the substrates for the VPHGs Planned Activity Integrating and Testing the HR spectrograph. Integrating and Testing the Tunable Filter. WP-3

38. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review WP-4 Photochromic Polymers

39. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Write with light - Wipe with Light - Re-write with light Linear - Transparency Non linear – Polarizability (n) WP-4

40. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Zoology derived for OTPICON applications “LEGO Chemistry” WP-4

41. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review WP-4

42. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Ongoing Activity Production of Better Quality Photochromic Films Definition of the Final deliverable Characteristics Planned Activity Production of a Higher Performances Phot-VPHGs Characterisation of its perfromances. WP-4

43. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review WP-5 UV VPHGs

44. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Prototype Definition WP-5

45. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review WP-5

46. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Efficiency WP-5

47. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review 47 Transmitted Wavefront WP-5

48. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Double Pass UV Cross Disperser WP-3 & WP-5

49. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Efficiency New set of prototypes manufactured WP-5

50. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Ongoing Activity Characterization of the new set of prototypes (delayed) Definition of Science Grade devices characteristics. Procurement of the substrates for the Science Grade devices. Procurement of the prism for Cross-disperser-configuration Planned Activity Manufacturing of the Science Grade Devices Characterization of the Science Grade Devices WP-5

51. Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Filippo M. Zerbi on behalf of JRA-6 Team  OPTICON Mid Term review Conclusions Work is progressing generally in schedule. –The viability of the technology has been demonstrated –The way toward science grade devices has started There are some minor (not impacting the final deliverable) delays –Due to “problems”, e.g. manpower, cash-flow, delays in parts delivery, etc. –Due to intermediate results, e.g. decision to modify a parameter or build a new prototype, etc. My personal overall judgment of JRA6 activity is extremely positive.