1. Module 1: Safe Hospitals Concepts Training on Safe Hospitals in Disasters

2. Module 1: Safe Hospitals Concepts Session 1: Management Framework Session 2: Role of Hospitals in Emergencies and Disasters Session 3: Concepts of Safe Hospitals Session 4: Ensuring Safe Hospitals: Role of stakeholders

3. Session 1: Risk Management Framework

4. Learning Objectives By the end of this session, the participants will be able to:  Use correctly the basic terms and concepts used in risk management  Discuss the risk management framework

5. Training/Learning Activity This session will utilize: lectures small group activities demonstration

6. Questions and Answers ACTIVITY Use the cards provided to answer the 6 questions the facilitator will ask you. Answer individually first, then work as a group to prepare a group answer. Write your group answer on a flip chart.

7. Hazard is: any potential threat to public health and safety

8. Hazards There are 4 classes of hazard: 1. Natural hazards 2. Technological hazards 3. Biological hazards 4. Societal hazards

9. Hazards Some examples:  Earthquakes  Floods  Volcanoes  Civil unrest  Sporting events  Chemical factories

10. An Emergency is: any actual threat to public health and safety

11. Emergencies Some examples:  My son hasn’t come home from school  A man is having a heart attack  A plane is about to crash  Gas is leaking from a factory  An earthquake has happened in China

12. Disaster is: any actual threat to public safety/and or public health where local government services are unable to meet the immediate needs of the community

13. Coping with the Needs Examples of what must be done in an emergency:  find and rescue victims  evacuate victims to safe place  provide first aid and medical transport  treat the injured  provide emergency shelter, sanitation, food and water  provide care for the dead and manage the missing  re-establish security  re-establish essential services (water, energy, communications)  repair essential infrastructure  plan for recovery and reconstruction

14. Disasters DatePlaceHazardDeaths 1996KobeEarthquake20,000 1999VenezuelaFlood30,000 1985ColombiaVolcano20,000

15. Risks are: The probability and the consequences of exposure to a hazard

16. Risks = Consequences Some examples:  dead and missing  injury (mental and physical)  disease (mental and physical)  secondary hazards (fire, disease etc.)  contamination of the environment  displacement  breakdown in security  damage to infrastructure  breakdown in essential services  loss of property  loss of income …

17. Vulnerabilities are determinants of risk

18. Indicators of Vulnerabilities (for people) Access to health care Measles vaccination coverage rate Under 5 nutrition rate Under 5 mortality rate Access to safe water Access to sanitation Access to adequate housing Access to regular source of income Female literacy rates

19. Vulnerabilities are: Factors which determine the risks arising from a specific hazard in a specific community (determinants of risk)

20. “Vulnerable Groups” Those who because of constraints of an economic, social, ethnic, biological, physical or geographical nature, are less able to cope with the impact of hazards than other members of their community or society Vulnerabilities are:  Intrinsic - specific to the individual - age, sex, health status, mobility, literacy, habits, behaviour etc  Extrinsic - shared by groups within a community - location, environment, poverty, availability of services, culture etc.

21. Capacities are: determinants of risk

22. Examples of Capacities Laws, policies, plans, procedures Trained personnel; knowledge, skills and attitudes Code alert systems Institutional arrangements Management structures Facilities, material resources

23. Preparedness is: measures to build capacities to respond to, and recover from, emergencies

24. Legal Framework Policies Procedures Guidelines Plans Resources Authority Knowledge Skills Awareness Ten key elements of preparedness National, provincial, local, agency and institutional level Personal and community level

25. Emergency Management To protect public safety and public health, a community and its emergency services need:  Capacity to respond  Capacity to recover

26. A Community Consists of 5 Elements: 1.the people 2.their property (infrastructure, possessions and assets; public, private and cultural) 3.their services (government and non-government, commercial and voluntary) 4.their livelihoods (urban and rural, formal and informal) 5.their environment (air, water and soil; urban and rural, built and natural)

27. Logical Framework of Terminology COMMUNITY RISKS are proportional to VULNERABILITIES HAZARD X ÷ READINESS

28. Seven Fundamental Terms in Risk Management A Logical Framework of Terminology (the relationships between the key words) Hazard Any potential threat to public safety and/or public health Risks Anticipated consequences of a specific hazard interacting with a specific community (at a specific time) Emergency An actual threat to public safety and/or public health Vulnerabilities Factors which increase the risks arising from a specific hazard in a specific community (risk modifiers) Disaster Any actual threat to public safety and/or public health where local government and the emergency services are unable meet the immediate needs of the community Capacities An assessment of ability to manage to an emergency (a risk modifier) – total capacity is measured as readiness Community is people, property, services, livelihoods and environment i.e. the elements exposed to hazards

29. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level 29 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE Preparedness Response Relief & Recovery Development Prevention Mitigation Disaster Impact

30. Hazard mitigation and prevention Vulnerability reduction Emergency management Emergency preparedness activities & Readiness disaster + + + Risk Management Safer communities & Sustainable development Positive contribution Negative impact Recovery

31. Anatomy of Risks Management communityhazardconsequences indicators natural hazards biological hazards technological hazards societal hazards probability of 1.probability of occurrence 2.scale: magnitude, intensity 3.area, spread, duration death; injury (mental and physical); disease (mental and physical) loss of lifelines (i.e. shelter, water, food, energy); population displacement;; loss of property; loss of income secondary hazards; breakdown in security; damage to infrastructure; breakdown in services; environmental contamination; etc. Monitor and evaluate by following hazard specific rates and trends: events/year cases and deaths/100,000/year cases and deaths/1000 affected/year cases and deaths/event/year EXCESS injuries, disease, disability biological hazards: season, infectivity, latency transmission, resistance, etc. earthquakes; floods/storms; famine; diseases of epidemic potential; events/crowds; intoxication; infestations; transport accidents; structural failures; industrial accidents; pollution; refugees; war; terrorism X=

33. Risks Reduction  Hazard Reduction Plans (reduce exposure)  Vulnerability Reduction Plans (reduce consequences)  Emergency Preparedness Plans (increase capacity for response and recovery)

34. Demonstration 1.The facilitator will use a simple demonstration to illustrate the key terms in risk management 2.One of the participants will be asked to repeat the the demonstration and the others should comment on his/her presentation.

35. Learning Objectives By the end of this session, the participants shall be able to:  Describe the basic terms and concepts used in risk management  Discuss the risk management framework

36. WE PREVENT DISASTERS IF WE MANAGE EMERGENCIES

37. RISK MANAGEMENT Thank you