1. 1 Information Management & Entrepreneurship DIG 3563 – Lecture 10 Metadata Systems J. Michael Moshell University of Central Florida Original image* by Moshell et al. Imagery is fromWikimedia except where marked with *.

2. -2 - 3 ½* Systems for Metadata Dublin Core Metadata Initiative DCMI XML Namespaces Resource Description Framework RDF Adobe eXtensible Metadata Platform XMP In (approximately) increasing order of complexity. *why 3 ½? That's a good exam question!

3. -3 - Ohio College Library Center  Online College Library Center @ Dublin, Ohio Dublin Core – a SIMPLE metadata standard For web search and retrieval http://dublincore.org The thing-described is the resource. The metadata has 15 Elements in three groups: - Content - Intellectual Property - Instantiation www.dublincore.org

4. -4 - Content Elements Title Subject (What ’ s the resource about) Description (text) Type (book, movie, website, etc.) see controlled vocabulary Source (if the resource is derived from something else) Relation (part of something else?) Coverage (spatial or temporal topic; jurisdiction) www.dublincore.org

5. -5 - Whats a controlled vocabulary? An “ official list ” of the values that are allowed for an Element Example: Type of documents.. From the authoritative list at: http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/ Collection Dataset Event Image InteractiveResource MovingImage www.dublincore.org PhysicalObject Service Software Sound StillImage Text

6. -6 - Intellectual Property Creator (sometimes author; sometimes editor) Publisher Contributor (e. g. an edited volume has many contributors.) Rights (if several separate rights exist, list them all.) www.dublincore.org

7. -7 - Instantiation Date (use a recommended encoding scheme) Format (recommended: use the MIME controlled vocabulary) Identifier (e. g. a URL, or a library catalog number) Language (from a controlled vocabulary, e. g. ISO 639-2) http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php www.dublincore.org

8. -8 - An Example The Book of Kells 1) Decide what that document is. (It's not your whole site!)(Why?) DOCUMENT: One Book, at Trinity College Dublin 2) Produce its DCMI Description – 15 elements

9. -9 - The Example: Book of Kells Book of Kells (Volume 3) Four Gospels Latin religious text PhysicalObject Abbey of Kells Volume 3 of 4-Volume Set 0-33 A. D. (Traditional) Title Subject Description Type Source Relation Coverage Content

10. -10 - The Example: Book of Kells Creator Publisher Contributor Rights Celtic Monks (at Iona?) Catholic Church of Ireland none Roman Catholic Church IP

11. -11 - ca. 800 A. D. n/a (not an electronic document) DCL-014a.BOK lat (Latin) Instantiation Date Format (MIME) Identifier Language The Example: Book of Kells

12. -12 - More examples from DCMI http://dublincore.org/documents/2001/04/12/usageguide/gener ic.shtml#contributor

13. -13 - An Exercise (work in pairs, please) Your company (whatever you're building your website about) has created a document. 1) Decide what that document is. (It's not your whole site!)(Why?) (If you can’t think of one, see slide 14 for an idea.) 2) Produce its DCMI Description – 15 elements – and be ready to show it to the class on a Powerpoint You have 10 minutes.

14. -14 - A document that your business might have A video demo of your company’s services, which you intend to post on YouTube. It contains copyrighted images that you have licensed from Getty Images as well as footage you shot yourself.

15. -15 - All Elements on One Page: Creator Publisher Contributor Rights Date Format (MIME Type) Identifier Language Title Subject Description Type (DCMI controlled vocabulary) Source Relation Coverage ("Type" is on Slide 5 of this PPT) Content IP Instantiation

16. -16 - DCMI: Summary Easy to use, and therefore widely used Particularly by librarians and archivists Original DCMI was difficult to automate for searching: Users had too much freedom of formatting. A more formal structure was needed. Sp DCMI Levels 2, 3, 4 were created  with the use of the Resource Description Framework (RDF)

17. -17 - DCMI leads to A whole world of data and metadata http://linkeddata.org/ More discussion after we understand Namespaces and RDF

18. -18 - XML Namespaces If you make up some XML names and want others to be able to use them IN THE SAME WAY, you create an XML Namespace. It is identified by a URI: Uniform Resource Identifier, like xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" (That Namespace happens to be the one that defines XML.)

19. -19 - XML Namespaces A URI is not necessarily a URL (but may be …) It is common practice to place a formal description of some kind at the URL corresponding to the URI. The description might be in Dublin Core (dc), in RDF, or other. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> < rdf:Description rdf:about="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn"> Tony Benn Wikipedia

20. -20 - RDF: Resource Description Framework The 'Latin' of Namespaces: (most common system for making them) or A language a Namespace can use to define the semantics of some XML tags.

21. -21 - Key RDF idea: Make statements about resources in the form of = = = subject-predicate-object expressions.... “ triples ” The resource we ’ re talking about Traits or features of the resource

22. -22 - Key RDF idea: Make statements about resources in the form of = = = subject-predicate-object expressions.... “ triples ” The resource we ’ re talking about Traits or features of the resource Values of those traits

23. -23 - Key RDF idea: Make statements about resources in the form of = = = subject-predicate-object expressions.... “ triples ” The resource we ’ re talking about Traits or features of the resource Values of those traits “ The sky has the color blue. ”

24. -24 - Key RDF idea: Make statements about resources in the form of = = = subject-predicate-object expressions.... “ triples ” The resource we ’ re talking about Traits or features of the resource Values of those traits “ The sky has the color blue. ”

25. -25 - Key RDF idea: Make statements about resources in the form of = = = subject-predicate-object expressions.... “ triples ” The resource we ’ re talking about Traits or features of the resource Values of those traits “ The sky has the color blue. ”

26. -26 - Key RDF idea: Make statements about resources in the form of = = = subject-predicate-object expressions.... “ triples ” The resource we ’ re talking about Traits or features of the resource Values of those traits “ The sky has the color blue. ”

27. -27 - RDF Analogy (from Moshell) This is NOT a real RDF document <rdf:RDF xmlns:RDF: Harvard Standard American English" xmlns:Fr: Academie Francaise"> Jacques Tatou France Mon Oncle 33.90 1985

28. -28 - RDF Example from W3schools <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Empire Burlesque"> Bob Dylan USA Columbia 10.90 1985 1. Identify the namespaces and URIs:

29. -29 - RDF Example from W3schools <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Empire Burlesque"> Bob Dylan USA Columbia 10.90 1985 1. Identify the namespaces and URIs: 2. <RDF provides the element. It has an attribute called 'about'. It has elements described by some other namespace.

30. -30 - RDF Example from W3schools <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.recshop.fake/cd/Empire Burlesque"> Bob Dylan USA Columbia 10.90 1985 1. Identify the namespaces and URIs: 2. <RDF provides the element. It has an attribute called 'about'. It has elements described by some other namespace.

31. -31 - RDF Example from W3schools http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/rdf_example.asp And follow the link to Validate it, down the page. Remember: XML must be –well-formed— and sometimes –validated– against a Schema

32. -32 - RDF: Take-away understanding Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a system for Formalizing Semantics of XML documents. What does a particular TAG in a particular XML Document MEAN? The xmlns tells you, usually using RDF syntax. A namespace is (most often) a collection of RDF elements.

33. -33 - What ’ s the take-away knowledge? RDF is part of the Semantic Web – a meaning-system It is based on the idea of shared “ vocabularies ” called Namespaces Its intention is to support Artificial Intelligence so that the Web can be used to answer questions.

34. -34 - Properties of Resources Adobe products contain metadata tools to create XMP Resources: - files such as JPEG or PDF documents - a meaningful portion of a file (e. g. an image within a PDF) - cannot be used with fine-grained detail (e. g. a word) www.adobe.com Moby Dick “ Herman Melville ”“ 1851 ” Author Date Written

35. -35 - Properties of Resources Adobe products contain metadata tools to create XMP Resources: - files such as JPEG or PDF documents - a meaningful portion of a file (e. g. an image within a PDF) - cannot be used with fine-grained detail (e. g. a word) Moby Dick “ Herman Melville ”“ 1851 ” Author Date Written Resource

36. -36 - Properties of Resources Adobe products contain metadata tools to create XMP Resources: - files such as JPEG or PDF documents - a meaningful portion of a file (e. g. an image within a PDF) - cannot be used with fine-grained detail (e. g. a word) Moby Dick “ Herman Melville ”“ 1851 ” Author Date Written Property

37. -37 - Properties of Resources Adobe products contain metadata tools to create XMP Resources: - files such as JPEG or PDF documents - a meaningful portion of a file (e. g. an image within a PDF) - cannot be used with fine-grained detail (e. g. a word) Moby Dick “ Herman Melville ”“ 1851 ” Author Date Written Value

38. -38 - So … what is XMP, and why? It ’ s a special system for metadata about media It is expressed in terms of another system called RDF. Oh no.. Systems within systems within systems. www.russiandolls.co.uk

39. -39 - So … what is XMP, and why? It ’ s a special system for metadata about media It is expressed in terms of another system called RDF. XMP uses XML Namespaces, which uses RDF – Resource description framework, which usesXML So … deal with it!

40. -40 - XMP is a collection of Schemas A Schema has: - An XML namespace and URI to identify it - a list of properties. For each property, the value type (controlled voc.) e. g. Boolean, Font, MIMEType, Real … Whether internal or external Internal: managed by the application External: managed by the user

41. -41 - XMP includes these Schemas: Dublin Core Schema XMP Basic Schema XMP Rights Management Schema XMP Media Management Schema XMP Basic Job Ticket Schema XMP Paged-Text Schema XMP Dynamic Media Schema Adobe PDF Schema Photoshop Schema Camera Raw Schema… and a few more.

42. -42 - XMP example Use Photoshop to open an example image Look at the File:File Info: Raw Data Understand what is found there -- good exam questions lurk therein! –

43. -43 - And... what happens on Thursday? YOU must be ready to DEMONSTRATE the CMS module that you are studying. What is its PURPOSE? What are its CONTROLS? (settable by Administrator) What are its INPUTS? (accessible by ordinary users?) What are its OUTPUTS (what does it display to the public?) What are its STRONG POINTS? Where does it Frustrate You? Weak Points, Missing features? commentsyard.com