1. Database Design and Management CPTG 424

2. 10/23/2015Chapter 12 of 38 Functions of a Database Store data Store data School: student records, class schedules, enrollment information. School: student records, class schedules, enrollment information. Manufacturer: customer orders, employee data, sales data, revenue data, profit data, supply sources, product inventory. Manufacturer: customer orders, employee data, sales data, revenue data, profit data, supply sources, product inventory. Query the data Query the data Categorize and sort data Categorize and sort data

3. 10/23/2015Chapter 13 of 38 Functions of a Database Track processes Track processes Analyze performance Analyze performance Analyze customer behavior Analyze customer behavior Predict future sales and business patterns Predict future sales and business patterns Help make decisions Help make decisions

4. 10/23/2015Chapter 14 of 38 Information Center The database is used as the information center of business. The database is used as the information center of business. One of the most important parts of a business process. One of the most important parts of a business process.

5. 10/23/2015Chapter 15 of 38 To successfully set up a business, we need to have a thorough understanding of: To successfully set up a business, we need to have a thorough understanding of: Your business process. Your business process. The technologies involved in database development and management. The technologies involved in database development and management. Database theories and technologies Database theories and technologies

6. 10/23/2015Chapter 16 of 38 Database Management System Even small amount of data is very hard to manipulate by hand. Even small amount of data is very hard to manipulate by hand. Database Management System (DBMS) Database Management System (DBMS) Software to store, manage, and analyze data. Software to store, manage, and analyze data.

7. 10/23/2015Chapter 17 of 38 DBMS Managing Tools Database configuration Database configuration Database administration Database administration Executing query operations Executing query operations Creating database components Creating database components Defining relationships among database components. Defining relationships among database components. Data transformation Data transformation Debugging Debugging Networking utilities for a client/server environment. Networking utilities for a client/server environment.

8. 10/23/2015Chapter 18 of 38 Popular Relational Databases Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Oracle Oracle MySQL (www.mysql.com) MySQL (www.mysql.com)www.mysql.com

9. 10/23/2015Chapter 19 of 38 MySQL We will use MySQL for our DBMS. We will use MySQL for our DBMS. The world's most popular open source database. The world's most popular open source database. Easy to use. Easy to use. Complex enough to handle most of the enterprise-level database tasks. Complex enough to handle most of the enterprise-level database tasks. Free. Free. Easy installation. Easy installation.

10. 10/23/2015Chapter 110 of 38 SQL Structured Query Language (SQL) Structured Query Language (SQL) A standard interactive and programming language for querying, modifying data and managing databases. A standard interactive and programming language for querying, modifying data and managing databases. The core of SQL is formed by a command language that allows the retrieval, insertion, updating, and deletion of data, and performing management and administrative functions. The core of SQL is formed by a command language that allows the retrieval, insertion, updating, and deletion of data, and performing management and administrative functions. Both an ANSI and ISO standard, but many database products often has proprietary extensions. Both an ANSI and ISO standard, but many database products often has proprietary extensions.

11. 10/23/2015Chapter 111 of 38 SQL Query Language To effectively retrieve data, a DBMS uses a query language to select only those data requested by the user. To effectively retrieve data, a DBMS uses a query language to select only those data requested by the user. SELECT * FROM AUTHORS SELECT * FROM AUTHORS

12. 10/23/2015Chapter 112 of 38 XML Integrated programming language to extend the DBMS’ data management ability. Integrated programming language to extend the DBMS’ data management ability.

13. 10/23/2015Chapter 113 of 38 Data Analysis Tools for analyzing data. Tools for analyzing data.

14. 10/23/2015Chapter 114 of 38 Data Mining Data-mining tools are used to analyze patterns of business data. Data-mining tools are used to analyze patterns of business data. The patterns can be used to model the behavior of business processes. The patterns can be used to model the behavior of business processes.

15. 10/23/2015Chapter 115 of 38 Metadata Metadata services to manage the structure and the meaning of data. Metadata services to manage the structure and the meaning of data. Metadata are also called the data about data. Metadata are also called the data about data. Metadata are normally stored in a specific table called a system table. Metadata are normally stored in a specific table called a system table. You can use metadata to find all the tables that contain specific data types, such as Date, or all the columns that have specific names. You can use metadata to find all the tables that contain specific data types, such as Date, or all the columns that have specific names.

16. 10/23/2015Chapter 116 of 38 Security A database must have a dependable security system. A database must have a dependable security system. User authentication. User authentication. Information encryption. Information encryption.

17. 10/23/2015Chapter 117 of 38 Data Transformation Services Once a database table is created, it will be populated with data. Once a database table is created, it will be populated with data. Tools for copying data between data sources such as databases, spreadsheets and text files. Tools for copying data between data sources such as databases, spreadsheets and text files.

18. 10/23/2015Chapter 118 of 38 Backup and Restore Tools for backup and restore of database Tools for backup and restore of database Either partial or full. Either partial or full. User interface, ease of data access. User interface, ease of data access.

19. 10/23/2015Chapter 119 of 38 User Interface Clean user interface Clean user interface User friendly User friendly Ease of data access Ease of data access Logical positioning of information Logical positioning of information Who can best provide information about the user interface? Who can best provide information about the user interface?

20. 10/23/2015Chapter 120 of 38 Database Components Tables. Tables. Diagrams. Diagrams. Views. Views. Stored procedures. Stored procedures. Triggers Triggers Indexes. Indexes. Users. Users. Roles. Roles. Rules. Rules.

21. 10/23/2015Chapter 121 of 38 Tables Data are stored in tables. Data are stored in tables. Each table is used to store data related to the same object such as student. Each table is used to store data related to the same object such as student. A table is constructed with columns and rows. A table is constructed with columns and rows. Each column represents an attribute that is used to describe the object. Each column represents an attribute that is used to describe the object.

22. 10/23/2015Chapter 122 of 38 Diagrams Most relational databases have multiple tables. Most relational databases have multiple tables. To make the tables work together, relationships must be correctly established among these tables. To make the tables work together, relationships must be correctly established among these tables. This is a task of database design. This is a task of database design. A diagram is a convenient tool for creating the relationships. A diagram is a convenient tool for creating the relationships.

23. 10/23/2015Chapter 123 of 38 Views Sometimes an application (such as a form or a report) needs data from selected columns from multiple tables. Sometimes an application (such as a form or a report) needs data from selected columns from multiple tables. A view is a database component that is constructed to contain the data from a set of selected columns from one or more tables. A view is a database component that is constructed to contain the data from a set of selected columns from one or more tables.

24. 10/23/2015Chapter 124 of 38 Stored Procedures Sometimes you may want to let a DBMS run a set of SQL statements to accomplish a task. Sometimes you may want to let a DBMS run a set of SQL statements to accomplish a task. A stored procedure is a precompiled set of SQL statements stored in a database server. A stored procedure is a precompiled set of SQL statements stored in a database server. The processing of a database can be faster if the often-used tasks are programmed as stored procedures. The processing of a database can be faster if the often-used tasks are programmed as stored procedures.

25. 10/23/2015Chapter 125 of 38 Triggers A trigger is a specific kind of stored procedure. A trigger is a specific kind of stored procedure. It is executed automatically when a specific database action occurs. It is executed automatically when a specific database action occurs. For example, when a table is modified by inserting a new record. For example, when a table is modified by inserting a new record.

26. 10/23/2015Chapter 126 of 38 Indexes To speed up the search for specified data, a DBMS provides a component called an index. To speed up the search for specified data, a DBMS provides a component called an index. By using an index, the search will look only at an appropriate column to match a given index key. By using an index, the search will look only at an appropriate column to match a given index key.

27. 10/23/2015Chapter 127 of 38 Users The user component defines users in a database. The user component defines users in a database. Many users may share the same database object, such as a table. Many users may share the same database object, such as a table. Each user account can be configured to have ownerships and permissions on the objects. Each user account can be configured to have ownerships and permissions on the objects.

28. 10/23/2015Chapter 128 of 38 Roles When a group of users performs the same kind of job, you can create a role and grant appropriate permissions to that role. When a group of users performs the same kind of job, you can create a role and grant appropriate permissions to that role. The role component allows you to group users with the same set of permissions. The role component allows you to group users with the same set of permissions.

29. 10/23/2015Chapter 129 of 38 Constraints Constraints are used to specify characteristics of data in a column. There are integrity constraints and value constraints. Constraints are used to specify characteristics of data in a column. There are integrity constraints and value constraints. Integrity constraints are used to define relationships among tables. Integrity constraints are used to define relationships among tables. Value constraints allow a user to specify, for example, if a column can take a NULL value, or if the value should be unique. Value constraints allow a user to specify, for example, if a column can take a NULL value, or if the value should be unique.

30. 10/23/2015Chapter 130 of 38 Rules Rule components are used to restrict values entered in a column. Rule components are used to restrict values entered in a column. Rules specify the range of valid values that can be entered into a column. Rules specify the range of valid values that can be entered into a column.

31. 10/23/2015Chapter 131 of 38 Defaults Defaults specify the default value in a column. Defaults specify the default value in a column.

32. 10/23/2015Chapter 132 of 38 User-Defined Can create user-defined database objects such as user-defined data types. Can create user-defined database objects such as user-defined data types.

33. 10/23/2015Chapter 133 of 38 Database Development Process Before a database can be built… Before a database can be built… Need to understand how the database will achieve its goals. Need to understand how the database will achieve its goals. Whether it will solve your specified problems. Whether it will solve your specified problems. A well-designed database is based on a good understanding of the business process. A well-designed database is based on a good understanding of the business process.

34. 10/23/2015Chapter 134 of 38 Database Development Process Step 1 – Identify business requirements and goals to be achieved. Step 1 – Identify business requirements and goals to be achieved. Gather information from users. Gather information from users.

35. 10/23/2015Chapter 135 of 38 Step 1: Gather Information What are the business requirements for the future database? What are the business requirements for the future database? What information needs to be stored in the database? What information needs to be stored in the database? How can the data be stored? How can the data be stored? How can the data be presented to the end users? How can the data be presented to the end users? Need to prepare the agreements and contracts. Need to prepare the agreements and contracts. The timeline to fulfill those agreements. The timeline to fulfill those agreements.

36. 10/23/2015Chapter 136 of 38 Step 2: Data Model Once you have figured out what information you want to store and keep track of, the next step is to understand the relationships among the data. Once you have figured out what information you want to store and keep track of, the next step is to understand the relationships among the data. Use the data modeling process. Use the data modeling process. Translate the data model to database tables with integrity constraints. Translate the data model to database tables with integrity constraints. Specify the tables and columns to organize the business data into a well-defined structure. Specify the tables and columns to organize the business data into a well-defined structure.

37. 10/23/2015Chapter 137 of 38 Step 2: Data Model Need to make sure that the database design team and their business partners are all satisfied. Need to make sure that the database design team and their business partners are all satisfied. Usually several modifications are needed. Usually several modifications are needed.

38. 10/23/2015Chapter 138 of 38 Step 3: Implementation Implement the database with a DBMS package. Implement the database with a DBMS package. Choose a proper DBMS package. Choose a proper DBMS package. Create the tables. Create the tables. Populate them with data. Populate them with data. Test the newly created database Test the newly created database Create user interfaces. Create user interfaces.

39. 10/23/2015Chapter 139 of 38 Step 3: Implementation Different ways of accessing the database: Different ways of accessing the database: One computer. One computer. Local network. Local network. Via the internet. Network database or Web database. Via the internet. Network database or Web database. Simultaneous access for millions of users. Simultaneous access for millions of users. Database may not fit into a single computer. Database may not fit into a single computer. Database must be partitioned into multiple parts, and the partitioned database is distributed to multiple computers – distributed database. Database must be partitioned into multiple parts, and the partitioned database is distributed to multiple computers – distributed database.