2. Do students have the right to freedom of expression? Are dress codes legal? Does the 4 th amendment protect students from searches without a warrant? Can I be punished for something I did off school grounds? The Bill of Rights and You

4. Congress makes the law President carries out (enforces) the law Supreme Court interprets the law

7. Marbury vs. Madison 1803

10. Marshall would not rule on whether the appointment should have been delivered because he said the law on which he based his claim Judiciary Act of 1789 was illegal. Marshall established the precedent for judicial review Ruling: Impact:

11. Power of the Supreme Court to determine whether or not an law enacted by Congress, or action taken by President, is Constitutional

13. Background: The Civil Rights Amendments & the Supreme Court 1787 – Northwest Ordinance- prohibited slavery in Northwest Territories 1788- Ratification of the Constitution with 3/5 Compromise (many believe slavery is coming to an end) 1793-Eli Whitney invents cotton gin – Southern economy becomes the Cotton Kingdom – increased demand for slave labor 1803-Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United Sates and set stage for increased sectionalist tensions 1819 – Missouri applies for admission as a slave state 1820 Missouri Compromise – temporarily resolved conflict over slavery by maintaining balance of power 1848- “Manifest Destiny” complete – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo expands US border to pacific Ocean 1850’s – Sectionalist tensions over slavery continue to build 1857 – Dred Scott decision denies citizenship to all African Americans 1860- Election of Abraham Lincoln 1861- Secession of SC/formation of Confederate States/ Civil War begin 1863- Emancipation Proclamation 1865- End of Civil War includes passage of the 13 th Amendment 1868- Reconstruction policies mandate passage of the 14 th Amendment 1870- 15 th Amendment – Black Male Suffrage

14. Dred Scott vs. Sanford 1857

16. Compromise of 1820

18. Ruling: Impact: Dred Scott had no right to take his case to the Supreme Court because a slave was property. 1)No slave, or any person of African descent, were entitled to the rights of citizenship 2)Overturned the Compromise of 1820

20. Plessey vs. Ferguson 1896

23. Ruling: Impact: 14 th amendment only applied to actions of the federal government Separate facilities were legal so long as they were equal Legalized segregation

24. Brown vs. Board of Education 1954

28. Ruling: Impact: “Separate but equal” facilities are inherently unequal Overturned Plessey v. Ferguson Made segregation illegal

30. What does the Supreme Court say about the Bill of Rights and you? Do students have freedom of expression? Do students have a right to privacy?

31. Tinker vs. DeMoines 1969

34. Ruling: Impact: Suspension was illegal. Set precedent for school dress codes. “Students do not leave their Constitutional rights at the school house gate” Dress is speech, therefore protected. However, the it cannot be disruptive.

35. New Jersey vs. T.L.O 1985

38. Ruling: Schools must be “en loco parentis” The 4 th amendment DOES protect students against unreasonable searches…but the search was reasonable Impact: Established the distinction between reasonable and probable cause

40. Now back to: