1. Body Systems

2. Skeletal System (p. 850) function – to protect and support
axial – skull, rib cage, vertebral column
appendicular –pectoral & pelvic girdles, arms, legs
206 bones in human body
cranium scapula coccyx carpals
maxilla sternum humerus femur
mandible rib cage metacarpals radius
clavicle vertebral column (vertebrae) ulna
pelvis sacrum phalanges tibia
patella fibula metatarsals tarsals

3. Muscular System (p. 856) function – move skeleton & contract organs
parts:
masseter (in cheek)
sternocleidomastoid (in neck)
trapezius (back)
pectoralis major (chest)
biceps (upper arm)
triceps (upper arm –underneath)
external oblique – (sides)
rectus abdominus – (abdominals)

4. Muscular System gluteus maximus – (buttocks) rectus femoris – (thigh)
vastus lateralis – (outer side of thigh)
sartorius – (diagonal across thigh)
gastrocnemius –(calf)
deltoid – (shoulder)
Muscle tissue types:
1) cardiac – heart muscle
2) skeletal – on bones
3) smooth (visceral) – covers organs

5. Digestive System (p. 906) function – to take in, break down, & absorb
nutrients & eliminate solid waste
digestive tract* (alimentary canal, GI tract) pathway:
mouth* - takes in food; begins chemical &
physical digestion
salivary glands – secrete saliva
pharynx* - where food is swallowed
esophagus* - transports food to stomach
cardiac sphincter

6. Digestive System stomach* - stores & grinds food into chyme ( a
soupy mix)
pyloric sphincter
small intestine* - (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) –
absorbs nutrients
villi – lining of small intestine; create more
surface area
liver – produces bile
gall bladder – stores bile
pancreas – secretes digestive enzymes

7. Digestive System large intestine* – (colon) – reabsorbs water
rectum* - last part of colon
anus* - releases waste
bolus – ball of food created by chewing/mixing with saliva
peristalsis – involuntary rhythmic contractions
of digestive tract

8. Respiratory system (p. 885)
function – exchange gases (take in O2 & release
CO2 & excess water)
parts:
mouth/nose – take in air
pharynx
trachea – transport air to/from lungs
epiglottis – covers trachea when swallowing
bronchi – branches of trachea (same function)
bronchioles – branches of bronchi (same function)
alveoli – gas exchange
diaphragm – causes lungs to expand/contract