1. Exploring American History Unit VII – Beginning of Modern America
Chapter 21 - The Progressive Spirit of Reform
Section 3- The Rights of Women and Minorities

2. The Rights of Women and Minorities
The Big Idea
The Progressive movement made advances for the rights of women and some minorities.
Main Ideas
Women fought for temperance and the right to vote.
African American reformers challenged discrimination and called for equality.
Progressive reforms failed to benefit all minorities.

3. Main Idea 1: Women fought for temperance and the right to vote.
New educational opportunities.
Denied access.
Women’s clubs campaigned.

4. Temperance Women reformers The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Radical temperance fighter Carry Nation
Temperance efforts led to the Eighteenth Amendment (1919.

5. Women’s Christian Temperance Union WCTU
founded in Cleveland, Ohio in 1874.
Temperance may be defined as: moderation in all things healthful; total abstinence from all things harmful
The main objective of the WCTU was to persuade all states to prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages.
It supported temperance education in schools, as well as, prison reform, women’s suffrage and the abolition of prostitution.
The WCTU's programs also promote good citizenship, child welfare, world peace, child abuse and equal justice for women and minority groups.
Francis Willard

6. Carrie Nation

7. Women’s Suffrage Women reformers fought for suffrage.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony founded.
Alice Paul
Suffragists won the right to vote with the Nineteenth Amendment (1919).

8. Women Gain the Vote
NAWSA (National American Women Suffrage Association.
Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, renamed National Women’s Party (NWP)- strikes and chaining themselves to railings.
19th Amendment Gave women full voting rights.

11. Women fight for Temperance and Voting Rights
Recall – Who was Carrie Nation?
Identify – What did political bosses fear about women getting the right to vote?
Evaluate – What evidence supports the idea that temperance was a popular cause in the 1870’s?

12. Women fight for Temperance and Voting Rights
Identify – Name the four states that allowed women to vote in the 1890’s.
Sequence – In what years were the two suffragist organizations founded?

13. Main Idea 2: African American reformers challenged discrimination and called for equality.
Booker T. Washington.
Ida B. Wells
W. E. B. Du Bois
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
The National Urban League

14. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
On February 12th The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded by a multiracial group of activists, who answered "The Call." They initially called themselves the National Negro Committee. Organized to end discrimination and to prevent violence against blacks, especially lynching.
FOUNDERS:
Ida Wells-Barnett, W.E.B. DuBois, Henry Moscowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison Villiard, William English Walling and led the "Call" to renew the struggle for civil and political liberty.

15. N.A.A.C.P.
The NAACP started its own magazine, Crisis in November, 1910
NAACP campaigned, especially in the Supreme Court against lynching, segregation and racial discrimination in housing, education, employment, voting and transportation.
NAACP also fought for Women’s Suffrage.

16. Ida B. Wells-Barnett
In a famous incident , Ida defied the “Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) supreme court case.
It was in Memphis where she first began to fight (literally) for racial and gender justice. In 1884 she was asked by the conductor of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad Company to give up her seat on the train to a white man and ordered her into the smoking or "Jim Crow" car, which was already crowded with other passengers.
“I refused, saying that the forward car [closest to the locomotive] was a smoker, and as I was in the ladies' car, I proposed to stay. . . [The conductor] tried to drag me out of the seat, but the moment he caught hold of my arm I fastened my teeth in the back of his hand. I had braced my feet against the seat in front and was holding to the back, and as he had already been badly bitten he didn't try it again by himself. He went forward and got the baggageman and another man to help him and of course they succeeded in dragging me out. “
Wells was forcefully removed from the train and the other passengers--all whites--applauded. When Wells returned to Memphis, she immediately hired an attorney to sue the railroad. She won her case in the local circuit courts, but the railroad company appealed to the Supreme Court of Tennessee, and it reversed the lower court's ruling.

17. African Americans Challenge Discrimination
Recall – Name two issues which were often overlooked by white reformers.
Explain – What was the strategy of Booker T. Washington to end racial discrimination?
Identify – Which organization fought discrimination in the courts?

18. African Americans Challenge Discrimination
Compare – Which organizations helped African Americans the way settlements houses helped new immigrants?
Interpret – How did “grandfather clauses” discriminate against African Americans?
Evaluate – What approach do you think was more effective in fighting discrimination, self-improvement or using the courts?

19. Main Idea 3: Progressive reforms failed to benefit all minorities.
The Society of American Indians.
Chinese Americans
Immigration by Mexicans increased during this period, and many worked in farming.
Progressive reforms did little to improve working conditions for farm workers.

20. Failures of Reform
Explain – Why did many Native Americans resist adopting white culture?
Identify Cause and Effect – What caused Chinese immigrants to form their own communities?
Predict – What are some of the possible ways American life would have been affected if progressive reforms had helped migrant farm workers?