1. Mineral Supplementation Update and Recommendations Shane Gadberry Associate Professor Department of Animal Science - Extension

2. Cost of Mineral Supplementation

4. Macro Minerals MineralNRCBermuda HayFescue Hay Ca, %0.280.530.51 P, %0.190.300.32 Na, %0.100.040.03 K, %0.701.982.01 Mg, %0.200.220.25 S, %0.150.300.20

5. Comments on major minerals Improved forages + good soil fertility – Good job with major mineral requirements – Exception is Sodium – Hypomagnesia {too good of job in Spring} Does sodium deficiency contribute to hypomagnesia? – March 27, 2012 [Beef Magazine] – Dr. Swerczek DVM PhD UK Dept of Vet Science

6. Trace Minerals MineralNRCBermuda HayFescue Hay Mn, ppm (poor absorption) 40310 (66% CV)145 (69% CV) Cu, ppm (Fe, S, Mo) 1011 (36% CV)11 (39% CV) Zn, ppm (not as well defined) 3035 (41% CV)

7. Effect of replacing inorganic with organic forms of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se in Dairy Cows (Biol Trace Elem Res 2012)

8. Form of trace mineral supplementation to 1 st calf heifers (JAS 1999) 0.2 oz 1.3 oz 0.7 oz 3.7 oz 0.7 oz 6.9 oz 10.7 oz Control – hay w/sbm+corn suppl. and no suppl TM Roughly equivalent to a 4 oz mineral containing 1100 ppm Cu, 200 ppm Co 1750 ppm Mn and 3150 ppm Zn

9. Results Year 1 – organic mineral = later breeding and subsequent later calving Year 2 – no difference in breeding or subsequent calving date Combined years –mineral supplementation increased number of open cows No difference in cow wt, condition score or calf growth

10. Trace Mineral Suppl. - Injection StudyDescriptorResponse Kegley et al (AR Anim Sci, 2011) Injection 28d before weaning – calves given access to complete mineral No effect on growth, hair coat or carcass measures Richeson et al (AR Anim Sci, 2009) Stocker injection on arrival21%  ADG over 55 d 30%  Morbidity Gadberry and Simon (unpubished) Cows - prebreeding and precalving Calves – 90 d processing and pre-weaning No other mineral suppl No effect on BW, BCS, pregnancy rate, calf growth response, BVDV1 titers Andrews and Gadberry (unpublished) Stocker calves – given upon arrival calves weighed Feb and End of March No difference in gain

11. Comments on Trace Minerals No conclusive evidence for use of organic forms in mature cow herd No conclusive evidence for use of injectable TM in mature cow herd Receiving cattle may be more likely to respond to injectable TM supplementation than cattle retained on farm