1. People on the Move Angela Brown (Chapter 5 Section 1) 1

2. Learning Targets: Describe the experiences of immigrants in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Compare immigration from Europe, Asia, and Mexico. 2

3. Bellringer: What do you think immigrants entering the U.S. in 1900 might have thought as they saw the Statue of Liberty? Explain why the Statue of liberty remains a potent symbol today, despite the fact that few immigrants now arrive by sailing into New York harbor. 3

4. The Immigrant Experience 1860 U.S. Population 31.5 million people. 1865-1920 30 million more moved to U.S. most from Northern European Countries. Most sought wealth and freedom. September of 2006 the U.S. population will top 300,000,000. http://www.holyhead.com/SHIP%20BY%20JETTY.jpg 4

5. Crossing the Ocean Late 1800s took 2 to 3 weeks to cross Atlantic. 1900 one week to cross Most immigrants traveled in steerage – a large open area beneath the ships deck http://fhh1.hamburg.de/fhh/internetausstellungen/emigration/englisch/E/bilder/quer-ausw.gif 5

6. Pacific took longer but had similar accommodations. Your country of origin often determined your treatment. (Japanese better than Chinese) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://http://fhh1.hamburg. de/fhh/internetausstellungen/emigration/englisch/E/37.htm 6

7. Arriving in America “Birds of passage” young men worked a few months or years and returned home. Until 1880s who was allowed into the country depended on the states. http://www.interracialvoice.com/immigrant.jpg 7

8. 1882 federal government began to exclude certain categories. 1891 Office of Superintendent of Immigration was formed to make determinations. http://www.ailf.org/exhibit/ex_irishim_files/Irish1_files/immigrant.jpg 8

9. 70% came through New York City the “Golden Door” Other ports included Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, San Francisco, or Seattle. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Ranch/7589/momkids.jpg http://www.sk-szeged.hu/szolgaltatas/vasvary/newsletter/04jun/ellis2.jpg 9

10. 1892 opened Ellis Island 1886 Statue of Liberty Erected http://k43.pbase.com/v3/07/12907/1/45934182.ellis_island.jpg http://www.princeleopold.com/statueliberty.jpg 10

11. Immigration from Europe 1892 federal government required physical exams for all immigrants. Quarantine- a time of isolation to prevent spread of disease or deported Criminals hung around ports to steal from immigrants. http://www.onefineart.com/en/artists/farid_aouad/aou02.jpg 11

12. Immigrants sought to live in established communities with previous settlers from their homeland. Jobs were scarce and employers often took advantage of immigrants. http://www.lkwdpl.org/schools/elempath/immigration/immig3.jpg 12

13. Immigration from Asia Mid 1800s- a quarter million Chinese workers helped build the transcontinental railroad finished in 1869. Anti-Asian movement claimed Asians were physically and mentally inferior to white Americans. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882- prohibited Chinese workers from entering the country. http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/legacy/images/ph-225ht.jpg 13

14. It was renewed in 1892, 1902 and then made permanent. It was not repealed until 1943. Japanese immigrated to U.S. from Hawaii when the U.S. obtained Hawaii in 1898. http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/9703/hawaii_sts26_big.jpg 14

15. “Picture Bride” – women whose marriages had been arranged through the exchange of photographs across the Pacific. 1906 San Francisco School Board passed segregation laws for Asian students. http://www.askasia.org/images/teachers/display/147.jpg 15

16. Segregation – forced separation Japanese government condemned – Violation of 1894 Treaty allowing Japanese to enter U.S. freely. http://dsc.gc.cuny.edu/part/part9/identities/articles/woosa/woosa_5.jpg 16

17. 1907 Compromise was a Gentleman’s Agreement ( not an official government document) to stop segregation/ Japanese stop issuing passports to laborers. 1913 Webb Alien Land Law banned Alien Asians from owing farmland. Alien – non-citizens http://www.piketberg.com/accom/excel/april04/excelsior-farm.jpg 17

18. Immigration from Mexico 1902 Newlands National Reclamation Act to promote the irrigation of southwestern lands. Turned Millions of acres of desert into fertile farmland. Employers hired 50,000 Mexican laborers to work on farms. http://www.bradhinkel.com/Desert%20Visions/IR%20Desert.jpg 18

19. WWI brought 10% of Mexican population (1 Million) to the U.S. Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 limited immigration from Europe and Asia drew Mexican Workers. By 1925, LA had largest Spanish speaking population of any North American City outside of Mexico. http://bajainsider.com/baja-business/images/mx-farm-worker-1932.jpg 19