1. AIM: What is fracking? Why is fracking such a controversial topic? DN: What do you know about fracking?

2. What Is Hydro-Fracking? Fracturing rock layers with a pressurized fluid to release petroleum or natural gas This includes –Vertical and horizontal drilling –high volume water injection The fracking fluid includes: –98-99% water –sand to hold the fractures open –many chemical additives for a variety of purposes Wells are typically drilled about 5000 ft vertically and 4500 ft horizontally but can go down much deeper Hydro-fracking underlying shale rock to release trapped natural gas has recently become a major issue in New York and Pennsylvania

3. What is Fracking?

5. BOTH SIDES OF FRACKING

6. Pros of Fracking Cheaper alternative to oil Less carbon emissions Monetary(money)value for homeowners Creates jobs Rely less on foreign countries for oil

7. Cons of Fracking Contaminating water supplies Industrialization of residential areas Fragmenting (breaking up) forest and farmland Air Pollution- releases methane Real estate value may decrease Trigger Earthquakes?

10. Typical Well Pad

11. Environmental Concerns Water use –Fracking can require up to 5 million gallons of water. Air pollution Water pollution Mishandling of wastes Human health effects Escaped methane Increased ozone pollution

12. Chemical Additives – 12 Classes Proppant Acid Breaker Bacericide/biocide Clay stabilizer Corrosion inhibitor Cross linker Friction reducer Gelling agent Iron control Scale inhibitor Surfactant

13. Sample Additives

14. Hydro-Fracked LandscapeUndisturbed Landscape Up to 20 well sites are allowed for each pad.

15. Additional Facts In 2005, the National Energy Act exempted hydraulic fracking from all Federal regulation (Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Superfund Law). Modern large-scale hydro-fracking began in Montana in the 1990’s. Before then very few wells were fracked and they were small ones using little water. Recent concerns include the possible triggering of earthquakes by the fracking process (which could allow greater movement of toxic fluids and methane) The EPA was commissioned to do a detailed environmental study

16. What are some other alternatives to heat our homes and produce electricity? Solar power Hydro power Geothermal energy Wind energy

17. WHAT IS YOUR OPINION ON FRACKING? SHOULD WE ALLOW FRACKING OR SHOULD IT BE PREVENTED? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.