0. Literacy and Learning Across the Curriculum
Content Area Reading
Literacy and Learning Across the Curriculum
Richard T. Vacca, Jo Anne L. Vacca, Maryann Mraz
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1. Culturally Responsive Teaching in Diverse Classrooms
Chapter 3
Culturally Responsive Teaching in Diverse Classrooms
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. THINK ABOUT YOUR CLASSROOM/ STUDENT TEACHING/ OWN EXPERIENCES….
How did culturally diverse students participate in the class? How did the teacher respond? Were modifications made for them? If so, describe the nature of those modifications.
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© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. READ THE FOLLOWING QUOTE AND KEEP IN MIND POSSIBLE INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR CULTURALLY DIVERSE LEARNERS.
“Teachers reach diverse learners by scaffolding instruction in ways that support content literacy and learning.”
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© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Organizing Principle
Teachers respond to linguistic and cultural differences by scaffolding instruction in culturally responsive classrooms.
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Frame of Mind
Why are today’s classrooms more diverse than they were several decades ago?
What are some of the cultural and linguistic differences that students from various racial and ethnic backgrounds bring to classroom learning situations?
What is culturally responsive instruction and what does it look like in content area classrooms?
What can a teacher do to implement culturally responsive instruction in a content area classroom?
Why do English learners struggle with content literacy tasks, and how does sheltered instruction make content more accessible to them while providing additional language support?
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Five Essential Themes for a Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
Identity and achievement
Equity and excellence
Developmental appropriateness
Teaching the whole child
Student–teacher relationships
(Brown-Jeffy and Cooper [2011], p. 63)
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. Teaching for Cultural Understanding
Contributions approach
Additive approach
Transformative approach
Decision-making/social action approach
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Considerations When Selecting Multicultural Literature to Integrate
Is the story an authentic depiction of the culture it intends to represent?
What are the perspectives of the diverse characters?
What are the characters’ perspectives of events and conflicts?
Can students relate their own experiences to those in the text?
What are the values that shape the conflict-resolution strategies used by the characters? How do culture mores and expectations influence characters’ decisions and viewpoints?
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Characteristics of Culturally Responsive Teaching
High expectations
Positive relationships with family and community
Cultural sensitivity
Active teaching methods
Teacher as facilitator
Student control of portions of the lesson
Instruction around groups and pairs to lessen anxiety
(Schmidt [2003], p. 73)
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Dialect Use
Language differences should not be mistaken for language deficits among culturally diverse students.
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. English Learners Speak English as a nonnative language
Come from one of several immigrant populations
Must acquire skills for social uses of English
Must acquire academic skills across the content areas
May find reading textbooks demanding
Often face challenges with the vocabulary load of content-area textbooks
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Sheltered Instruction for English Learners
Provide comprehensible input.
Use strategies for vocabulary development.
Differentiate between intensive and extensive reading.
Use the repeated reading strategy.
Use learning strategies for active engagement.
Use writing strategies.
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol
Serves as a blueprint for designing lessons that integrate content learning with additional support for English learners
Enhances instructional delivery by making teachers aware of highly effective practices
Provides an observational framework for rating teachers in sheltered classrooms
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP)
Preparation
Instruction
Building background
Comprehensible
Strategies
Interaction
Practice/application
Lesson delivery
Review/Assessment
Content Area Reading, 11e Vacca, Vacca, Mraz
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

15. With a partner , discuss…
Language and culture are inextricably connected.” What are the implications of this statement for classroom practice?
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© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.