1. Mold Damage on Ceiling and Wall

2. Classification Fungi based on hypha:
Somatic hyphae. A) Portion of a hypha having more than one nucleus (nonseptate);
B) Portion of a septate hypha.

3. I- Septate Hypha 1- Aspergillus sp.
Mould , Filametous, cosmopolitan, ubiquitous
Over 185 species, around 20 species are opportunistic infection in man, 4 common : A. fumigatus, flavus, niger, terreus

4. Microscopic features:
Conidiophore, Vesicle at the apex bearing flask shaped phialides which are uniseriate ( attached to the vesicle directly) or are biseriate ( attaced to the vesicle by supporting cell Matula).
Colred spores according to the species. In chains from the end of the phialides.

6. Aspergillus fumigatus cause of Aspergillosis.

7. Widely distributed in nature .
2- Penicillium spp.
Widely distributed in nature .
The name Penicillium comes from penicillus = brush, and this is based on the  brush-like appearance of the fruiting structures
Has NO vesicle
Conidiophore simple or branched and terminated by phialides

8. Apple rotting Penicillium expansum.
The fungus, Penicillium expansum, not only causes fruit decay but also produces the carcinogenic mycotoxin patulin. Patulin is also an antibiotic.[1] Several countries have instituted patulin restrictions in apple products. The World Health Organization recommends a maximum concentration of 50 µg/L in apple juice.[

9. Penicillium roquefortii  used in the manufacture of blue cheese.

10. Citrus fruits Penicillium italicum
two species of Penicillium at the same time. The smaller  bluish colony is Penicillium italicum.   The larger olive-green colony is Penicillium digitatum.  These are the two common species of Penicillium attacking citrus fruits.  

11. Penicillium chrysogenum
The Drug penicillin
A commonly mould in most homes

12. Black molds ( black pigment protect it from Uv).
3- Cladosporium sp
Cladosporium appears gray to black or very dark green and can have a powdery appearance. The genus Cladosporium includes over 30 species.
Black molds ( black pigment protect it from Uv).
Commen on decaying plant.
Conidiophore long and branched
spores one or two celled and occur in long branching chains that arise from

13. Cladosporium sp. – Most commonly identified outdoor fungus
Cladosporium sp. – Most commonly identified outdoor fungus. Common cause of extrinsic asthma

14. Culture of Cladsporium cladosporioides
Conidiophores and conidia of Cladosporium cladosporioides.

15. Cladosporium fulvum - Cladosporium Leaf Mold of Tomatoes

16. 4- Fusarium sp. Filamentous
Conidiophores vary depend on the species, thin or thick and clustered to form sporodochia

17. Macroconidies falciformes Fusarium sp.
Fusarium Root Rot - Fusarium sp.
Macroconidies falciformes Fusarium sp.

18. Fusarium oxysporum, the fungus that causes Fusarium wilt of watermelon and muskmelon, as it would be seen under a high-power laboratory microscope: (a) conidiophores, many bearing macroconidia; (b) macroconidia; microconidia; (d) thick-walled chlamydospores

19. 5- Alternaria sp. Production of melanin- like pigment
Conidiophores divided
Conidiophores have vertical and transverase septa
Some Conidiophores have terminal end

20. Non septate hypha Mucor sp. Sporangiospores Large columella
Sporingiophore derived from branched hypha
Sporangiospores
Large columella

21. Rhizopus sp Cosmopolitan filamentous fungus Common contaminants
Occational causes of serious infection in human
Some species are plant pathogen

22. Absidia sp
Rhizoids are rarely observed, when present THE Sporangiophore arise on stolon from points between the rhizoids

24. Pilobolus kleinii dung-loving
The black caps containing the spores are shot off violently a distance of up to six feet and stick to grass blades in the vicinity. The grass and caps are eventually eaten by herbivores. The spores are released during digestion and are dispersed in the fecal droppings of the herbivore to start the cycle again.

25. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
مرض العفن الأبيض (الاسكليروتيني)
Sclerotinia Rot