1. DISCOVERY AND LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding 19 June 2013 HKU Library Leadership Institute

2. Challenge: More integrated approach to information and service delivery  Library Web sites offer a menu of unconnected silos:  Books: Library OPAC (ILS online catalog module)  Search the Web site  Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections  OpenURL linking services  E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver)  Subject guides (e.g. Springshare LibGuides)  Local digital collections ETDs, photos, rich media collections  Metasearch engines  Discovery Services – often just another choice among many  All searched separately

3. Online Catalog  Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level  Not in scope:  Articles  Book Chapters  Digital objects  Web site content  Etc. Scope of Search Search: Search Results ILS Data

4. Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface (2002-2009)  Single search box  Query tools  Did you mean  Type-ahead  Relevance ranked results (for some content sources)  Faceted navigation  Enhanced visual displays  Cover art  Summaries, reviews,  Recommendation services

5. Discovery Interface search model Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data Local Index Metasearch Engine

6. Discovery Products http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl

7. Differentiation in Discovery  Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries  Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection + e-books  Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

8. Discovery from Local to Web-scale  Initial products focused on technology  AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind,  LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena  Mostly locally-installed software  Current phase is focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery  Primo Central (Ex Libris)  Summon (Serials Solutions)  WorldCat Local (OCLC)  EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)  Encore Synergy (no index, though)

9. Public Library Information Portal Search: Digital Collections Web Site Content Community Information … Customer- provided content Reference Sources Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Aggregated Content packages Archives Usage- generated Data Customer Profile

10. Web-scale Index-based Discovery Search: Digital Collections Web Site Content Institutional Repositories … E-Journals Reference Sources Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Aggregated Content packages (2009- present) Usage- generated Data Customer Profile Open Access

11. Web-scale Search Problem Search: Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ?? ? Non Participating Content Sources Non Participating Content Sources Problem in how to deal with resources not provided to ingest into consolidated index Digital Collections Web Site Content Institutional Repositories … E-Journals ILS Data Aggregated Content packages

12. Discovery Service Installations Discovery Product200720082009201020112012Installed Primo1237535061111011151 AquaBrowser5533964697458254 Encore72 1095672365 LS2 PAC 4677588873305 Summon 50164214158504 Enterprise 16 75100102328 Civica Sorcer 71222342 Axiell Arena 61573376 Chamo 103472386

13. Web-scale Search Problem Search: Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ?? ? Non Participating Content Sources Non Participating Content Sources Problem in how to deal with resources not provided to ingest into consolidated index Digital Collections Web Site Content Institutional Repositories … E-Journals ILS Data Aggregated Content packages

14. Challenge for Relevancy  Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR  Difficult to order records in ways that make sense  Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query  Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings

15. Evaluating Index-based Discovery Services  Intense competition: how well the index covers the body of scholarly content stands as a key differentiator  Difficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed alone.  Important to ascertain now your library’s content packages are represented by the discovery service.  Important to know what items are indexed by citation and which are full text  Important to know whether the discovery service favors the content of any given publisher

16. Open Discovery Initiative  NISO Work Group to Develop Standards and Recommended Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search  Informal meeting called at ALA Annual 2011  Co-Chaired by Marshall Breeding and Jenny Walker  Term: Dec 2011 – May 2013

17. Balance of Constituents LibrariesPublishersService Providers 17 Marshall Breeding, Vanderbilt University Jamene Brooks-Kieffer, Kansas State University Laura Morse, Harvard University Ken Varnum, University of Michigan Sara Brownmiller, University of Oregon Lucy Harrison, College Center for Library Automation (D2D liaison/observer) Michele Newberry Lettie Conrad, SAGE Publications Beth LaPensee, ITHAKA/JSTOR/Portico Jeff Lang, Thomson Reuters Linda Beebe, American Psychological Assoc Aaron Wood, Alexander Street Press Jenny Walker, Ex Libris Group John Law, Serials Solutions Michael Gorrell, EBSCO Information Services David Lindahl, University of Rochester (XC) Jeff Penka, OCLC (D2D liaison/observer)

18. Integrating e-Books into Library Automation Infrastructure  Current approach involves mostly outsourced arrangements  Collections licensed wholesale from single provider  Hand-off to DRM and delivery systems of providers  Loading of MARC records into local catalog with linking mechanisms  No ability to see availability status of e-books from the library’s online catalog or discovery interface

19. 2013: The current state of discovery  Online Catalogs of ILS modules in decline  Increasing numbers of academic libraries offer discovery services  Index-based search emerges  Summon, Primo/Primo Central, EBSCO Discovery Service, WorldCat Local  Indexes growing in comprehensiveness and depth.  Relevancy algorithms gaining sophistication  Increasing numbers of publishers and providers cooperate with library discovery services  Open Discovery Initiative launched October 2011

20. New-generation Library Management

21. Fragmented Library Management  LMS for management of (mostly) print  Duplicative financial systems between library and local government or other parent organization  E-book lending platform (multiple?)  Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending)  Self-service and AMH infrastructure  Electronic Resource Management  PC Scheduling and print management  Event scheduling  Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)  Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections  No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

22. Is the status quo sustainable?  ILS for management of (mostly) print  Duplicative financial systems between library and campus  Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS)  OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles  Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)  Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.)  Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections  No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

23. Integrated (for print) Library System Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores

24. LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces ` License Management License Terms E-resource Procurement Vendors E-Journal Titles Protocols: CORE

25. Common approach for ERM Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Budget License Terms Titles / Holdings Vendors Access Details

26. Gaps in Automation  Almost no systematic automation support for references and research services  Customer Relationship Management?  Resource sharing / Interlibrary loan management  Collection development support

27. Comprehensive Resource Management  No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials  ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model  Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows  Support for management of metadata in bulk  Continuous lifecycle chain initiated before publication

28. Academic Libraries need a new model of library management  Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System  The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections  Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections  Other library automation products evolved:  Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

29. Library Services Platform  Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services  Services  Service oriented architecture  Exposes Web services and other API’s  Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users  Platform  General infrastructure for library automation  Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service  Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

30. Library Services Platform Characteristics  Highly Shared data models  Knowledgebase architecture  Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores  Delivered through software as a service  Multi-tenant  Unified workflows across formats and media  Flexible metadata management  MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX  Bibframe  New structures not yet invented  Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability

31. Library Services Platforms Category WorldShare Management Services AlmaIntota Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE Responsible Organization OCLC.Ex Libris Serials Solutions Innovative Interfaces, Inc Kuali Foundation Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery based on central data: stores WorldCat + holdings + Items Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model Knowledgeba se driven. Pure multi- tenant SaaS Service-oriented architecture Technology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure Software model Proprietary Open Source

32. Library Services Platforms Category WorldShare Management Services AlmaIntota Sierra Services Platform Kuali OLE Status In Production: 100+ libraries In production In Development: In production: 150+ libraries. (Mostly Millennium migrations) In Development. Some early adopting partners expect production in 2013 (2014?) Discovery? Designed for WorldCat Local, Partnership with EDS as alternative Designed for Primo / Primo Central, APIs for others Designed for Summon, APIs for other Designed for Encore, EDS for Discovery Index No Discovery: APIs available. Initial partners will use Blacklight, Summon, etc.

33. Development Resources (2011) CompanyDevSupSalesAdminOtherTotal Ex Libris170231544413512 Follett Software Company8714386490365 Innovative Interfaces, Inc.8315843243311 SirsiDynix Corporation84166512356380 Serials Solutions805046457237 Axiell5766343534226 The Library Corporation3991281328199 Polaris Library Systems2742152 86 VTLS Inc.244812818110 Koha ByWater Solutions31233113 Catalyst IT3 BibLibre43 Koha Total (estimated)15 PTFS51688 155 Evergreen Equinox Software6523521

34. Open Systems  Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies  Libraries need to do more with their data  Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies  Demand for Interoperability  Open source – full access to internal program of the application  Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

35. Open Source Integrated Library Systems  Major thread in library systems development  Koha  Evergreen  Kuali OLE

36. Consolidated index Unified Presentation Layer Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Services Platform Learning Management Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Management Self-Check / Automated Return Authentication Service Smart Cad / Payment systems Discovery Service

37. Development / Deployment perspective  Beginning of a new cycle of transition  Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms  Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

38. Eventual product consolidation  Alma for resource management  Eventual transition of Voyager and Aleph  Immediate transition of Verde  SFX  DigiTool for digital collections  Primo / Primo Central for Discovery  Rosetta for Preservation  Possible integration into Alma?

39. Progressive consolidation of library services  Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus  Resource sharing support  Direct borrowing among partner institutions  Shared infrastructure between institutions  Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University)  Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

40.  Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS  Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris,  BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se  LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, OpenGalaxy  Traditional Open Source ILS  Evergreen, Koha  New generation Library Services Platforms  Ex Libris Alma  Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud)  OCLC WorldShare Management Services,  Serials Solutions Intota  Innovative Interfaces Sierra (evolving) Competing Models of Library Automation

41. Convergence  Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets  Ex Libris: Primo / Alma  Serials Solutions: Summon / Intota  OCLC: WorldCat Local / WorldShare Platform  Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service  Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases  API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

42. Leveraging the Cloud  Moving legacy systems to hosted services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformation  Globally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall.