1. Richard J Self - University of Derby 1 Data Governance and Consequences of using LBS Richard J Self Senior Lecturer in Analytics and Governance http://computing.derby.ac.uk/wordpress/people-2/richard-j-self/ email: r.j.self@derby.ac.ukr.j.self@derby.ac.uk

2. Context GPS accuracy claim: 95% of all fixes to be <=10m Thinknear identify the fact that 46% of reported locations are accurate <= 1000m (Q1 2015 Location Score report) 10% error > 100,000m (60 miles) My students’ research indicates (2420 data points) 85% are accurate to <= 25m 2.5% are >= 500m Outliers 1km to 80km 2Richard J Self - University of Derby

3. Critical Governance Question What are the consequences of uncertain veracity of LBS to relevant stakeholders? 3Richard J Self - University of Derby

4. Agenda Identify typical uses of LBS Evaluate accuracy of LBS in smart devices Identify governance issues of the use of LBS 4Richard J Self - University of Derby

5. Some Uses for LBS Marketing Geo-fencing? Recreational Social media Photos European e-Call Car crash reporting (required max error of 100m) Crime prevention services GPS tagging 5Richard J Self - University of Derby

6. Triggers to Research Project

7. Final Year Student Project 12 students researching 7 students contributed data to this presentation (2460 data points) Daniel Corah Vishal Patel Amna Almutawa Ishwa Khadka Victor Horecny Shehzaad kashmiri Farondeep Bains 7Richard J Self - University of Derby

8. V Patel – Key Insight – Models Vary phoneNMeanStd DevStd Err Nexus5441.562924.11463.2816 iPhone5885.5101113.814.9403 MethodVariancesDFt ValuePr > |t| PooledEqual110-2.780.0064 SatterthwaiteUnequal62.476-2.870.0055 Proc Univariate – Histogram issues

9. V Horecny – Key Insight – Chipsets HTC-M8 (blue) modern chipset HTC-Desire S (Pink) early version chipset

10. Accuracy? Type of Location Open Rural – most accurate Residential Urban – least accurate Low rise High rise 10Richard J Self - University of Derby

11. Accuracy Variable with Time

12. Consolidated Data – 2420 points 12Richard J Self - University of Derby Red = > 300m

13. Overall Accuracy of LBS 85% <= 25 metres 2364 out of 2420 (97.6%) <= 500 m Outliers out to 40 to 60 miles!

14. Key Governance Questions What level of accuracy do you need? 100m, 0.5km, 1km, 10km? What are consequences of uncertain veracity? To your organisation To your customers and clients Data Protection Act 1998 implications? Consequences of lack of veracity and accuracy? 14Richard J Self - University of Derby