1. Objectives Explain how the kingdom of England was formed. Explain how the kingdom of England was formed. Identify the achievements of William the Conqueror and his successors. Identify the achievements of William the Conqueror and his successors. Describe how Parliament and common law affected political developments in England. Describe how Parliament and common law affected political developments in England. Describe how the Holy Roman emperors used their power. Describe how the Holy Roman emperors used their power. Explain how the struggle between the popes and emperors developed. Explain how the struggle between the popes and emperors developed.

2. Chapter 13 Section 4 Terms Common law Magna Carta Simon de Montfort

3. Chapter 13 Section 5 Terms Henry III Henry IV Pope Gregory VII Pope Innocent III

4. Monarchs vs. Popes Using a much detail as possible outline the struggles between church and state for the following individuals: Using a much detail as possible outline the struggles between church and state for the following individuals: 1) Henry III 2) Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII *Be sure to include the Concordat of Worms *Be sure to include the Concordat of Worms 3) Pope Innocent III *Be sure to include King John and Philip Augustus. *Be sure to include King John and Philip Augustus.

5. Anglo-Saxon By 450 A.D. Roman rule in Britain ended. By 450 A.D. Roman rule in Britain ended. Following their withdrawal, Germanic tribes moved into the island. Following their withdrawal, Germanic tribes moved into the island. The culture that emerged was called “Anglo– Saxon.” The culture that emerged was called “Anglo– Saxon.” –Named for the two tribes the settled England after fall of Rome The Angles The Angles The Saxons The Saxons Anglo–Saxons formed several independent kingdoms in England. Anglo–Saxons formed several independent kingdoms in England. These kingdoms were divided into governmental districts called shires. These kingdoms were divided into governmental districts called shires.

6. William the Conqueror 1066 A.D.: The Anglo–Saxon King Edward the Confessor dies without leaving an heir. 1066 A.D.: The Anglo–Saxon King Edward the Confessor dies without leaving an heir. A distant relative of Edward, Duke William of Normandy claimed the English Throne. A distant relative of Edward, Duke William of Normandy claimed the English Throne. The Anglo–Saxon people did not recognize this claim. The Anglo–Saxon people did not recognize this claim. –They selected Edward’s brother–in–law, Harold of Wessex William crosses the English Channel with a powerful Norman army, and defeated Harold’s Anglo–Saxon army in October 1066. William crosses the English Channel with a powerful Norman army, and defeated Harold’s Anglo–Saxon army in October 1066. December 1066 William is crowned King William I of England. (William the Conqueror) December 1066 William is crowned King William I of England. (William the Conqueror)

7. William the Conqueror William ruled from 1066 to 1087. William ruled from 1066 to 1087. Brought feudalism to England from France. Brought feudalism to England from France. Laid a strong foundation for centralized government and a strong monarchy in England. Laid a strong foundation for centralized government and a strong monarchy in England. William’s Successors William’s Successors –Henry I –Henry II –King John

8. Magna Carta 1215: King John raised taxes on the nobles to pay for the wars. The nobles joined together against King John and threatened a revolution. 1215: King John raised taxes on the nobles to pay for the wars. The nobles joined together against King John and threatened a revolution. Threats of an armed uprising forced John to accept the Magna Carta. Threats of an armed uprising forced John to accept the Magna Carta. Purpose was to limit the king’s power and protect the liberties of the nobles. Purpose was to limit the king’s power and protect the liberties of the nobles. Magna Carta becomes the cornerstone of constitutional government and representative government. Magna Carta becomes the cornerstone of constitutional government and representative government.

9. Magna Carta The Magna Carta limited the king’s power and protected the nobles rights. The Magna Carta limited the king’s power and protected the nobles rights. A Great Council (later called Parliament) was created. All the king’s laws had to be passed by the representatives in the Great Council. A Great Council (later called Parliament) was created. All the king’s laws had to be passed by the representatives in the Great Council. Parliament is like our Congress. Parliament is like our Congress. Established rights of: Church freedom, Trial by jury, due process, and freedom of taxation without consent of the Council. Established rights of: Church freedom, Trial by jury, due process, and freedom of taxation without consent of the Council.

10. Magna Carta vs. U.S. Constitution Groups of 2 Groups of 2 Each group needs an edited copy of the Magna Carta and a copy of the U.S. Constitution Each group needs an edited copy of the Magna Carta and a copy of the U.S. Constitution Assignment: For each numbered article in the Magna Carta you need to find its matching phrase in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights. Write down the location of your answer (Ex: Amendment 4 or Article 1 Section 2) and briefly explain your answer in your own words. Assignment: For each numbered article in the Magna Carta you need to find its matching phrase in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights. Write down the location of your answer (Ex: Amendment 4 or Article 1 Section 2) and briefly explain your answer in your own words. Amendments will be used for every answer except for #12. Amendments will be used for every answer except for #12.

11. Parliament 1260 A.D. nobles revolt against King Henry III 1260 A.D. nobles revolt against King Henry III Nobles wanted to gain the support of the middle- class. Nobles wanted to gain the support of the middle- class. Together the middle-class and nobility could combine forces against the king. Together the middle-class and nobility could combine forces against the king. 1265 representatives of the middle-class met with the Great Council. 1265 representatives of the middle-class met with the Great Council. Eventually became the English Parliament. Eventually became the English Parliament. Parliament is like our Congress. Parliament is like our Congress. Parliament was divided into two parts (houses) Parliament was divided into two parts (houses) –The House of Lords Nobles and Clergy Nobles and Clergy –The House of Commons knights and burgesses (leading citizens) knights and burgesses (leading citizens)

12. Common Law King Edward I divided the king’s court into three branches. King Edward I divided the king’s court into three branches. –The Court of the Exchequer –The Court of the Common Pleas –The Court of the King’s Bench The decisions made by these courts became know as common law and were used in future court verdicts. The decisions made by these courts became know as common law and were used in future court verdicts. Common law applied equally and in “common” to all English people. Common law applied equally and in “common” to all English people.

13. The Holy Roman Empire Otto I elected king of Germany in 936 A.D. Otto I elected king of Germany in 936 A.D. Otto developed a strong kingdom in Germany Otto developed a strong kingdom in Germany Helped Pope John XII defeat the Roman nobles. Helped Pope John XII defeat the Roman nobles. 962 A.D. Pope rewards Otto by crowning him Emperor of the Romans. 962 A.D. Pope rewards Otto by crowning him Emperor of the Romans. Otto’s Empire lasted, at least in name, into the early 1800s. Otto’s Empire lasted, at least in name, into the early 1800s.

14. Struggles between the Papacy and European Rulers Henry III ruled during the Holy Roman Empire’s height of power. Henry III ruled during the Holy Roman Empire’s height of power. Removed three popes and elected his own. Removed three popes and elected his own. Henry IV excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII. Henry IV excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII. Frederick I defeated by the Pope and the Lombard League. Frederick I defeated by the Pope and the Lombard League. King John of England: forced to become a vassal of Pope Innocent III and pay an annual tithing to Rome after being interdicted. King John of England: forced to become a vassal of Pope Innocent III and pay an annual tithing to Rome after being interdicted.

15. Review How was the kingdom of England formed? How was the kingdom of England formed? What were the achievements of William the Conqueror and his successors? What were the achievements of William the Conqueror and his successors? How did Parliament and common law affected political developments in England? How did Parliament and common law affected political developments in England? How did the Holy Roman emperors use their power? How did the Holy Roman emperors use their power? How did the struggle between the popes and emperors developed? How did the struggle between the popes and emperors developed?